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Nogai language
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==Alphabet== {{main|Nogai alphabets}} There are 4 stages in the history of Nogai writing: * before 1920s — unwritten; [[Cuman language|Kypchak]] and/or [[Chagatai language|Chagatai]] was used instead with the [[Perso-Arabic]] script * 1926-1928 — standardized Arabic script specific to Nogai language * 1928—1938 — writing based on the Latin alphabet * from 1938 — writing based on the Cyrillic alphabet The Nogai alphabet based on [[Cyrillic]] was created in 1938. It included all of the [[Russian alphabet]] letters except '''Ё ё''', and also the [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] '''Гъ гъ, Къ къ, Нъ нъ'''. The digraphs '''Оь оь, Уь уь''' were added in the same year. In 1944 the digraphs '''Гъ гъ, Къ къ''' were excluded from the alphabet. The last reform of the Nogai writing took place in 1960, when, as a result of discussions at the [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] Research Institute, Language and Literature, the letters '''Аь аь''' and '''Ё ё''' were added to it. After that, the Nogai alphabet took its present form.<ref>{{Cite journal |first1= С. А. |last1= Калмыкова |script-title=ru:Вопросы совершенствования алфавитов тюркских языков СССР: Алфавит ногайского языка|language=ru|script-journal=ru:Наука|date=1972|pages=118–125}}</ref> {| style="text-align:center; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF;" |+Modern Nogai alphabet |- style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; padding: 3px;" | А а | Аь аь | Б б | В в | Г г | Д д | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж | З з |- style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; padding: 3px; width:3em;" | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Нъ нъ | О о | Оь оь | П п |- style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; padding: 3px; width:3em;" | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Уь уь | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш |- style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; padding: 3px; width:3em;" | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |}
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