Editing Northern flicker (section)

=== Red-shafted group ===
*The '''western red-shafted flicker''' (''C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;cafer'') resides in western North America. It is red under the tail and underwings and has red shafts on its primaries. It has a beige cap and a gray face. Males have a red mustache. The subspecific name ''cafer'' is the result of an error made in 1788 by the German [[systematics|systematist]] Johann Gmelin, who believed that its original habitat was in [[South Africa]] among the [[Xhosa people]], then known as the "[[Kaffir (racial term)|Kaffir]]s". As the origin of the subspecies designation is regarded as offensive by some, proposals to change the scientific name of this subspecies to ''C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;lathami'' have been presented to the [[American Ornithological Society]]. The Society, in accordance with the rules governing scientific nomenclature, has as of September 2018 declined to support a change of the subspecific name, but may consult with the [[International Code of Zoological Nomenclature|ICZN]] on the matter.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://checklist.americanornithology.org/nacc/proposals/2019.html|title=Checklist of North and Middle American Birds Proposals 2019 |publisher=American Ornithological Society |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404031311/http://checklist.americanornithology.org/nacc/proposals/2019.html |archive-date=2022-04-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://checklist.aou.org/assets/proposals/PDF/2019-A.pdf|title=Change the specific/subspecific/morphological group name of the Red-shafted Flicker from ''cafer'' to ''lathami''|pages= 46–51|last1= Aguillon|first1= Stepfanie M.|last2= Lovette|first2= Irby J.|issue= Proposal Set 2019-A|journal= AOS Classification Committee – North and Middle America Proposals|date= 2018-09-18 |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404031311/http://checklist.americanornithology.org/assets/proposals/PDF/2019-A.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-04}}</ref>
*The '''coastal red-shafted flicker''' (''C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;collaris'') has a range that closely overlaps that of ''C. a. cafer'', extending along much of the West Coast of North America from British Columbia to northwestern Mexico.
*The '''dwarf red-shafted flicker''' (''C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;nanus'') resides in western Texas south to northeastern Mexico.
*The '''Mexican red-shafted flicker''' (''C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;mexicanus'') resides in central and southern Mexico from Durango to San Luis Potosí and Oaxaca.
*The '''Guatemalan red-shafted flicker''' (''C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;mexicanoides'') resides in the highlands of southern Mexico and Central America. It is considered by some authorities to be a separate species, the '''Guatemalan flicker''' (''C.&nbsp;mexicanoides'').
*The '''Guadalupe red-shafted flicker''' (''C.&nbsp;a.&nbsp;rufipileus'')† is extinct and was formerly restricted to [[Guadalupe Island]], off the northwestern coast of Baja California, Mexico. It was last recorded in 1906. It may be invalid.<ref>{{cite web |title=Northern Flicker: Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) |url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=75600969&sec=summary |access-date=5 July 2017 |website=Avibase - the world bird database |publisher=Bird Studies Canada}}</ref> Individuals of an extant mainland red-shafted subspecies (which one is unknown) were observed breeding on Guadalupe Island in 1996.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sweet |first1=P.R. |last2=Barrowclough |first2=G. F. |last3=Montanez-Godoy |first3=P. |date=2001 |title=Recolonization of the Flicker and other notes from Isla Guadalupe, Mexico |url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?httpsredir=1&article=1032&context=hrc_ornithology |journal=Western Birds |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=71–80}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140">
File:Southeastern Yellow-shafted Flicker, Kent County, DE, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 62634945.jpg|''C. a. auratus'', in Delaware
File:Northern flicker pair.jpg|''C. a. cafer'' female (left) and male (right), in Washington
File:Northern flicker (Colaptes auratus chrysocaulosus) female.JPG|''C. a. chrysocaulosus'' female, in Cuba
File:Southwestern Red-shafted Flicker, Foothills Green, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 452304844 (cropped).jpg|''C. a. collaris'' male, in Colorado
File:Grand Cayman Flicker, Cayman Islands, Cayman Islands, Cayman Islands, KY imported from iNaturalist photo 35488401 (cropped).jpg|''C. a. gundlachi'', in Grand Cayman
File:Northern Yellow-shafted Flicker, Powderhorn Park, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA imported from iNaturalist photo 437335546 (cropped).jpg|''C. a. luteus'' male, in Minnesota
File:Colaptes auratus mexicanoides 84221588.jpg|''C. a. mexicanoides'' female, in Guatemala
File:Colaptes rufipileus (Guadalupe flicker).jpg|†''C. a. rufipileus'' male taxidermied specimen
</gallery>