Editing Numerus clausus (section)

=== Poland ===
{{See also|Ghetto benches}}

Polish universities were a hotbed of the radical far-right [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]] and from Poland's independence in 1918 right-wing students promoted the return of the Russian ''numerus clausus'' system. Attempts by the [[University of Lviv|University of Lwów]] to implement ''numerus clausus'' in 1922-3 were ruled unconstitutional. In the early 1930s, [[Camp of Great Poland]] advocated ''numerus nullus'' - a complete exclusion of Jews. In 1931, the [[All-Polish Youth]] demonstrated against Jewish medical students operating on Christian cadavers. The medical faculties caved in, and Jewish students were supplied with Jewish cadavers. Polish radicals then demanded segregation of Jewish students, first asking for "voluntary" segregation and when this was refused attacking Jewish students. Following violent demonstrations by Polish radicals, in 1937-8 most Polish universities introduced segregation. By 1939, most Polish institutes of higher learning implemented a ''numerus clausus'' system.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Tdn6FFZklkcC&dq=%22Numerus+clausus%22+Poland&pg=PA275 Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1], Richard S. Levy, ACB CLIO, page 275</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=t6h2pI7o_zQC&dq=%22Numerus+clausus%22+Poland&pg=PA112 Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present], University of Nebraska Press, Joanna B. Michlic, page 112-113</ref>