Editing Participatory design (section)

=== Different dimensions ===
As described by Sanders and Stappers,<ref name=":0" /> one could position co-design as a form of human-centered design across two different dimensions. One dimension is the emphasis on research or design, another dimension is how much people are involved. Therefore, there are many forms of co-design, with different degrees of emphasis on research or design and different degrees of stakeholder involvement. For instance, one of the forms of co-design which involves stakeholders strongly early at the front end design process in the creative activities is generative co-design.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Sanders, Elizabeth B.-N. |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1197783702 |title=Convivial toolbox : generative research for the front end of design |date=2012 |isbn=978-90-6369-284-1 |oclc=1197783702}}</ref> Generative co-design is increasingly being used to involve different stakeholders as patient, care professionals and designers actively in the creative making process to develop health services.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vandekerckhove |first1=Pieter |last2=Mul |first2=Marleen de |last3=Bramer |first3=Wichor M. |last4=Bont |first4=Antoinette A. de |date=2020-04-27 |title=Generative Participatory Design Methodology to Develop Electronic Health Interventions: Systematic Literature Review |url=https://www.jmir.org/2020/4/e13780 |journal=Journal of Medical Internet Research |language=EN |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=e13780 |doi=10.2196/13780|pmid=32338617 |pmc=7215492 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bird |first1=M. |last2=McGillion |first2=M. |last3=Chambers |first3=E.M. |last4=Dix |first4=J. |last5=Fajardo |first5=C. J. |last6=Gilmour |first6=M. |last7=Levesque |first7=K. |last8=Lim |first8=A. |last9=Mierdel |first9=S. |last10=Ouellette |first10=C. |last11=Polanski |first11=A.N. |last12=Reaume |first12=S.V. |last13=Whitmore |first13=C. |last14=Carter |first14=N. |date=2021-03-01 |title=A generative co-design framework for healthcare innovation: development and application of an end-user engagement framework |journal=Research Involvement and Engagement |volume=7 |issue=1 |page=12 |doi=10.1186/s40900-021-00252-7 |issn=2056-7529 |pmc=7923456 |pmid=33648588 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Another dimension to consider is that of the crossover between design research and education. An example of this is a study that was completed at the Middle East Technical University in Turkey, the purpose of which was to look into the use of “team development [in] enhancing interdisciplinary collaboration between design and engineering students using design thinking”.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Kaygan |first=Pınar |date=2023-04-01 |title=From forming to performing: team development for enhancing interdisciplinary collaboration between design and engineering students using design thinking |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-022-09736-3 |journal=International Journal of Technology and Design Education |language=en |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=457–478 |doi=10.1007/s10798-022-09736-3 |issn=1573-1804}}</ref> The students in this study were tasked with completing a group project and reporting on the experience of working together. One of the main takeaways was that "Interdisciplinary collaboration is an effective way to address complex problems with creative solutions. However, a successful collaboration requires teams first to get ready to work in harmony towards a shared goal and to appreciate interdisciplinarity"<ref name=":8" />