Editing Pazin (section)

==Education==
Public education was neglected until the 16th century, when some priests started to teach the basics of Latin to the children of the local nobles and the [[bourgeoisie]]. Thereafter, the Pazin comune started to hire an Italian tutor (''precettore italiano''), who had also to serve as the organist of the Church of San Nicolò. The young Pazin students who wanted to pursue their studies in the humanities or philosophy would then move to [[Trieste]] or Rijeka, where they would study in the local Jesuit colleges. Those who then wanted to continue with higher studies would often go to [[Padua]].<ref name="ALG"/><ref name="Treccani"/>

Between 1646 and 1766, 73 youngsters from the County of Pazin attended the Jesuit college in Trieste, 41 of whom were from Pazin proper. The rector of the Jesuit college of Trieste, [[Giacomo Rampelli]], was himself from Pazin.<ref name="ALG"/>

In 1836, the first middle school in Pazin was opened. It operated until 1890 when it was moved to Pola (Pula). Teaching in the gymnasium of Pazin was only in the German language. In 1872, the Pazin deputy [[Francesco Costantini]] obtained, after long insistence, that also a lower gymnasium with the Italian language would be opened. Slavic parliamentarians of the [[Diet of Istria]] bought time until they received assurance that a Croatian gymnasium would also be opened.<ref name="Feresini">{{cite book |last1=Feresini |first1=Nerina |title=Scontro di colture |publisher=Il Territorio |pages=52–57 |url=https://www.ccm.it/ProxyVFS.axd/article,/r17922/1989_26_12_Scontro-di-culture-pdf?v=12492&ext=.pdf}}</ref> In 1899, by order of the Austrian government, the first Croatian gymnasium of Pazin was to be set up, which caused a "manifestation of Italianness" throughout the [[Julian March]].<ref name="Treccani"/> There were manifestations throughout Istria and Trieste, which caused the diet to decree that also the Italian school would be opened in 1899.<ref name="Feresini"/>

The Italian Gymnasium of Pazin prospered, and its initial premises became too small. The ''consiglio comunale'' spotted a suitable area for the new building, but the then Austrian appointed podestà, a Croatian, opposed the purchase. The ''giunta provinciale'' intervened, voiding the decision of the podestà. The new school was opened in 1902, and before it was completed it was visited by [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], who was surprised by the Italian population, writing to his friend [[Francesco Salata]]:<ref name="Feresini"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Spadolini |first1=Giovanni |title=Nuova Antologia - Rivista di lettere, scienze ed arti |date=1939 |publisher=Nuova Antologia - Sapienza University of Rome |page=21}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|In Pisino - remember? - on that savage slope, so thick with vigorous and impregnable roots, we see the highest and most effective form of modern intellectual heroism, the struggle for culture, expand throughout a whole people. We feel with a proud and unanimous heartbeat the right of the great, manifold, transfiguring Latin civilization against the barbaric abuse<ref name="Feresini"/>}}

The Italian gymnasium suffered during [[World War I]], being requisitioned from August 1914 to October of that year. Three of its professors were called to arms, one of whom died on the battlefield. The school was evicted in 1915 and had to resettle in a private house. There were then the first political persecutions, with the arrest of one student and his family and the internment in concentration camp of a professor. It was eventually closed down by the Austrian authorities in 1916. Thirty-tree students of the gymnasium voluntarily participated in the war, four of whom died on the battlefield, and one in prison. In 1918, after the [[Bersaglieri]] entered the city, works to reopen the school, now dilapidated, were started.<ref name="Feresini"/>

[[File:HR-IS-Pazin41.jpg|thumb|The [[Rapicio Castle]] was bombed together with the Italian gymnasium during World War II<ref name="Alberi">{{cite book |last1=Alberi |first1=Dario |title=Istria storia, arte, cultura |date=1997 |publisher=LINT |isbn=9788881900152 |pages=855, 867, 955 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0dDiAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>]]
It was named after [[Gian Rinaldo Carli]] since 1919.<ref name="Feresini"/><ref name="Voce"/> The building was further enlarged in 1926 and ten years later the boarding school ''Fabio Filzi'' was completed.<ref name="Feresini"/> The school was attended by students from all over Istria, notably [[Luigi Dallapiccola]], [[Biagio Marin]], [[Pierantonio Quarantotti Gambini]], [[Mario Visintini|Mario]] and [[Licio Visintini]], and Dario Leaone, the youngest victim of the [[foibe massacres]].<ref name="Feresini"/><ref name="Voce"/> It produced many students who fought for Italy in various wars. It was bombed during World War II, on 4 October 1943, and finally dismantled in 1946, with the demolition of the structure.<ref name="Voce">{{cite web |title=A Pisino riaffiorano i resti dell'ex Ginnasio |date=6 July 2021 |url=https://lavoce.hr/cronaca/cronaca-istriana/a-pisino-riaffiorano-i-resti-dellex-ginnasio |publisher=La Voce del Popolo}}</ref> Its rector Eros Luginbuhl was killed in [[Split, Croatia|Split]] by the partisans, while professor Teresita Bonicelli tragically disappeared. Teacher [[Norma Cossetto]] was tortured and [[Foibe massacres|infoibed]] in the [[foiba]] of Villa Surani; the principal of the school and rector of the boarding school, Vitale Berardinelli, and professor Antonio Natoli were killed by Yugoslav fleeing forces.<ref name="Feresini"/>

After the Germans reoccupied the city, lessons restarted in the boarding school, which was shared with the German soldiers. The latter eventually evicted the school, which was again relocated to a private house. After the Yugoslav partisans entered the city in May 1945, one of their first actions was evicting the school from that private house. It was then relocated to another house. Pazin was then in ruin, but it was decided to restart the school in the boarding school, which was now inhabited by the Croatian clerics, who opposed this. Thanks to the mediation of Italian bishop [[Antonio Santin|Santin]], the school was successfully restarted there.<ref name="Feresini"/>

A sanitary commission then visited the school, evicting it again, and themselves leaving the building in deplorable condition when they departed. The Italians cleaned the school and lessons were restarted, but an exhibition of the Croatian civilization was organized there and the school had to be closed again. It was then moved to the infirmary in the back of the boarding school. The school was later allowed to move back to the previous room, where the students had to put up without heating in the winter. In February, the rector Stefani was arrested in his home, brought to [[Labin]] and then [[Opatija]], where he miraculously managed to escape. The school was definitively closed in the summer of 1946.<ref name="Feresini"/>