Editing Percy Grainger (section)

=== Frankfurt ===
[[File:Percy Grainger in 1901.jpg|thumb|upright|Grainger aged 18, towards the end of his Frankfurt years]]
In Frankfurt, Rose established herself as a teacher of English; her earnings were supplemented by contributions from John Grainger, who had settled in [[Perth]]. The Hoch Conservatory's reputation for piano teaching had been enhanced by the tenure, until 1892, of [[Clara Schumann]] as head of piano studies. Grainger's piano tutor was [[James Kwast]], who developed his young pupil's skills to the extent that, within a year, Grainger was being lauded as a prodigy.<ref name=Bird26>Bird, pp. 26–29</ref> Grainger had difficult relations with his original composition teacher, [[Iwan Knorr]];<ref name= Simon2 /> he withdrew from Knorr's classes to study composition privately with Karl Klimsch, an amateur composer and folk-music enthusiast, whom he would later honour as "my only composition teacher".<ref name= ADB />

Together with a group of slightly older British students – [[Roger Quilter]], [[H. Balfour Gardiner|Balfour Gardiner]], [[Cyril Scott]] and [[Norman O'Neill]], all of whom became his friends – Grainger helped form the [[Frankfurt Group]]. Their long-term objective was to rescue British and Scandinavian music from what they considered the negative influences of central European music.<ref name= Simon2/> Encouraged by Klimsch, Grainger turned away from composing classical pastiches reminiscent of [[George Frideric Handel|Handel]], [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]] and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]],<ref>Bird, p. 35</ref> and developed a personal compositional style, the originality and maturity of which quickly impressed and astonished his friends.<ref name= Scott /> At this time Grainger discovered the poetry of [[Rudyard Kipling]] and began setting it to music; according to Scott, "No poet and composer have been so suitably wedded since [[Heinrich Heine|Heine]] and Schumann."<ref name= Scott>Scott, pp. 51–54</ref>

After accompanying her son on an extended European tour in the summer of 1900, Rose, whose health had been poor for some time, suffered a nervous collapse and could no longer work.<ref name= Bird39 /> To replace lost income, Grainger began giving piano lessons and public performances; his first solo recital was in Frankfurt on 6 December 1900.<ref name= ADB /> Meanwhile, he continued his studies with Kwast, and increased his repertoire until he was confident he could support himself and his mother as a concert pianist. Having chosen London as his future base, in May 1901 Grainger abandoned his studies. With Rose, he left Frankfurt for the UK.<ref name= Bird39>Bird, pp. 39–41</ref>

Before leaving Frankfurt, Grainger had fallen in love with Kwast's daughter Mimi.<ref name= Bird39 /> In an autobiographical essay dated 1947, he says that he was "already sex-crazy" at this time, when he was 19.<ref name= Bird42 /> John Bird, Grainger's biographer, records that during his Frankfurt years, Grainger began to develop sexual appetites that were "distinctly abnormal"; by the age of 16 he had started to experiment in [[flagellation]] and other [[sado-masochism|sado-masochistic]] practices, which he continued to pursue through most of his adult life. Bird surmises that Grainger's fascination with themes of punishment and pain derived from the harsh discipline to which Rose had subjected him as a child.<ref name= Bird42>Bird, pp. 42–43</ref>