Editing Performance indicator (section)

==Examples==
===Accounts===
These are some of the examples:

* Percentage of overdue invoices
* Percentage of purchase orders raised in advance
* Number of retrospectively raised purchase orders
* Finance report error rate (measures the quality of the report)
* Average cycle time of workflow
* Number of duplicate payments

===Marketing and sales===
* New [[customer]] acquisition
* Customer acquisition cost (CAC)
* Average deal size
* Demographic analysis of individuals (potential customers) applying to become customers, and the levels of approval, rejections, and pending numbers
* Status of existing customers
*Customer density (the proportion of revenue attributable to a specified percentage of accounts, which ideally should match, for example the top 10% of accounts should broadly contribute 10% of revenue) <ref name=":0" />{{rp|page 8}}
* [[Customer attrition]] (the loss of clients or customers)
* Turnover (i.e., [[revenue]]) generated by segments of the customer population
* Outstanding balances held by segments of customers and terms of payment
* Collection of [[bad debt]]s within customer relationships
* Profitability of customers by demographic segments and segmentation of customers by profitability

Many of these customer KPIs are developed and managed with [[customer relationship management]] software.

Faster availability of data is a competitive issue for most organizations. For example, businesses that have higher operational/credit risk (involving for example credit cards or wealth management) may want weekly or even daily availability of KPI analysis, facilitated by appropriate IT systems and tools.

===Manufacturing===
[[Overall equipment effectiveness]] (OEE) is a set of broadly accepted nonfinancial metrics that reflect manufacturing success.
* '''OEE''' = availability x performance x quality
* '''Availability''' = run time / total time; by definition this is the percentage of the actual amount of production time the machine is running to the production time the machine is available.
* '''[[Downtime|Down time]]''' = time the building/ location/ service/ machine is out of operation due to any reason (including planned down time such as maintenance or 'out of season').
* '''Performance''' = total count / target counter, by definition this is the percentage of total parts produced on the machine to the production rate of machine.
* '''Quality''' = good count / total count, by definition, this is the percentage of good parts out of the total parts produced on the machine. 
* '''Cycle time ratio''' (CTR) = standard cycle time / real cycle time
*[[Capacity utilization]]
* [[Rejection rate]]

===Professional services===
Most [[professional services]] firms (for example, management consultancies, systems integration firms, or digital marketing agencies) use three key performance indicators to track the health of their businesses. They typically use [[professional services automation]] (PSA) software to keep track of and manage these metrics.
* '''[[Utilization rate]]''' = the percentage of time employees spend generating revenue 
* '''Project profitability''' = the difference between the revenue generated by a project and the cost of delivering the work 
* '''Project success rate''' = the percentage of projects delivered on time and under budget

===System operations===
* [[Availability]] / [[uptime]]
* [[Mean time between failure]]
* [[Mean time to repair]]
* Unplanned availability
* Unplanned downtime
* Average time to repair

===Project execution===
* [[Earned value management|Earned value]]
* Cost variance or cost performance index
* Schedule variance or schedule performance index
* Estimate to complete
* Manpower spent / month
* Money spent / month
* Planned spend / month
* Planned manpower / month
* Average time to delivery
* Tasks / staff
* Project overhead / ROI
* Planned delivery date vs actual delivery date

===Supply chain management===
Businesses can utilize [[supply chain]] KPIs to establish and monitor progress toward a variety of goals, including lean manufacturing objectives, [[minority business enterprise]] and diversity spending, environmental "green" initiatives, [[Cost accounting|cost avoidance]] programs and [[low-cost country sourcing]] targets. Suppliers can implement KPIs to gain a [[competitive advantage]]. Suppliers have instant access to a user-friendly portal for submitting standardized cost savings templates. Suppliers and their customers exchange vital supply chain performance data while gaining visibility to the exact status of cost improvement projects and cost savings documentation.

Any business, regardless of size, can better manage supplier performance and overall supply chain performance,<ref>El Sayed, H., [https://www.ijaiem.org/volume2Issue1/IJAIEM-2013-01-28-059.pdf Supply Chain Key Performance Indicators Analysis], International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2013, accessed 6 January 2022</ref> with the help of KPIs' robust capabilities, which include:
* Automated entry and approval functions
* On-demand, real-time scorecard measures
* Rework on procured inventory
* Single data repository to eliminate inefficiencies and maintain consistency
* Advanced workflow approval process to ensure consistent procedures
* Flexible data-input modes and real-time graphical performance displays
* Customized cost savings documentation
* Simplified setup procedures to eliminate dependence upon IT resources

Main KPIs for [[supply chain management]] will detail the following processes:
* Sales forecasts
* Inventory
* Procurement and suppliers
* Warehousing
* Transportation
* [[Reverse logistics]]

In a [[warehouse]], the manager will use KPIs that target best use of the facility, like the receiving and put away KPIs to measure the receiving efficiency and the putaway cost per line. Storage KPIs can also be used to determine the efficiency of the storage space and the carrying cost of the inventory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Performance Indicators for Warehousing Performance {{!}} SIPMM Publications |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/key-performance-indicators-warehousing-performance/#Receiving_and_Put-Away_KPIs |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=publication.sipmm.edu.sg |date=6 October 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Government===
The provincial government of [[Ontario, Canada]] has been using KPIs since 1998 to measure the performance of higher education institutions in the province. All post-secondary schools collect and report performance data in five areas – graduate satisfaction, student satisfaction, employer satisfaction, employment rate, and graduation rate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collegesontario.org/en/resources/2019-kpi-results |title=Key Performance Indicators |publisher=Colleges Ontario |access-date=2019-09-25}}</ref> In England, [[Public Health England]] uses KPIs to provide a consistent measure of the performance of NHS population [[Screening (medicine)|screening]] activities,<ref>Public Health England, [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nhs-population-screening-reporting-data-definitions/population-screening-kpis-purpose-and-data-submission-guidance Population screening KPIs: purpose and data submission guidance], updated 17 August 2020, accessed 24 November 2022</ref> and publication of up to four main KPIs for the most important contracts outsourced by each [[Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom|UK government department]] is seen as a measure helping to increase [[transparency in government|transparency]] in the delivery of public services.<ref>Cabinet Office, [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/key-performance-indicators-kpis-for-governments-most-important-contracts Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for government's most important contracts], last updated 25 November 2022, accessed 26 November 2022</ref>

===Other performance indicators===
* Duration of a [[stockout]] situation

: <math>\text{ROC} = \frac{\text{Close}-\text{Close (Past)}}{\text{Close (Past)}}\times100</math>

* Customer order waiting time

'''Human resource management'''

* Employee turnover
* Ability to recruit to advertised roles
* Employee performance indicators
* Staff satisfaction/ results of staff surveys
* Proportion of staff unplanned absence (due to short or long term sickness)
* Cross-functional team analysis
* Organization contribution to sector performance improvement, e.g. research institutes contribution to commercial agriculture improvement <ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1007/s42943-021-00021-z | title=Role of Peripheral Analysis Methods in Adoption of Successful KPIs for a Research Institute Working Towards Commercial Agriculture | year=2021 | last1=Abeysiriwardana | first1=Prabath Chaminda | last2=Jayasinghe-Mudalige | first2=Udith K. | journal=International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness | volume=16 | pages=61–71 | s2cid=257161299 | doi-access=free | pmc=8039501 }}</ref>