Editing Pericarditis (section)

==Causes==
[[File:Pericarditis.jpg|thumb|Figure A shows the location of the heart and a normal heart and pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart). The inset image is an enlarged cross-section of the pericardium that shows its two layers of tissue and the fluid between the layers.<br />Figure B shows the heart with pericarditis. The inset image is an enlarged cross-section that shows the inflamed and thickened layers of the pericardium.<ref name="NIH old page">{{cite web|title=Pericarditis|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/printall-index.html| website = National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute .nih.gov|access-date=5 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808120716/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/peri/printall-index.html|archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref><!-- PD source -->]]

===Infectious===
Pericarditis may be caused by [[virus|viral]], [[bacteria]]l, or [[fungus|fungal]] infection.

In the developing world the bacterial disease [[tuberculosis]] is a common cause, whereas in the developed world viruses are believed to be the cause of about 85% of cases.<ref name=Im2015/> Viral causes include [[coxsackievirus]], [[herpesvirus]], [[mumps virus]], and [[HIV]] among others.<ref name=AFP2007/> Also observed by [[James Blachly]], [[Strep Throat]] can also cause pericarditis due to the heart sac filling up.

[[Pneumococcus]] or [[tuberculous pericarditis]] are the most common bacterial forms. [[Anaerobic bacteria]] can also be a rare cause.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brook I | title = Pericarditis caused by anaerobic bacteria | journal = International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 297–300 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 18789852 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.033 }}</ref> Fungal pericarditis is usually due to [[histoplasmosis]], or in [[immunocompromise]]d hosts [[Aspergillus]], [[Candida (genus)|Candida]], and [[Coccidioides]].{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} The most common cause of pericarditis worldwide is infectious pericarditis with tuberculosis.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

===Other===
* [[Idiopathic]]: No identifiable cause found after routine testing.<ref name=AFP2007/>
* [[Autoimmune disease]]: [[systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[rheumatic fever]],<ref name=AFP2007/> [[IgG4-related disease]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ibe T, Nakamura T, Taniguchi Y, Momomura S | title = IgG4-related effusive constrictive pericarditis | journal = European Heart Journal: Cardiovascular Imaging | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | page = 707 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27044912 | doi = 10.1093/ehjci/jew056 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Atallah PC, Kassier A, Powers S | title = IgG4-related disease with effusive-constrictive pericarditis, tamponade, and hepatopathy: a novel triad | journal = International Journal of Cardiology | volume = 176 | issue = 2 | pages = 516–8 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25062559 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.046 | url = http://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(14)01238-8/abstract | url-access = subscription }}</ref>
* [[Myocardial infarction]]
** [[Dressler's syndrome]]<ref name=AFP2007/>
** Peri-Myocardial Infarction Pericarditis<ref>
{{cite news
|url =https://edelweisspublications.com/articles/2/450/Peri-Myocardial-Infarction-Pericarditis:-Current-Concepts
|access-date = 15 February 2022
|title = Peri-Myocardial Infarction Pericarditis: Current Concepts
|author=Gharacholou S Michael |author2=Vaca-Cartagena F Bryan |author3=Parikh P Pragnesh |author4=Pollak M Peter |author5=Bruce J Charles
|newspaper = Edelweiss Publications Inc
}}</ref>
* [[Physical trauma|Trauma]] to the heart<ref name=AFP2007/>
* [[Uremia]] ([[uremic pericarditis]])<ref name=AFP2007/>
* [[Cancer]]<ref name=AFP2007/>
* [[Adverse drug reaction|Side effect]] of some [[medications]], e.g. [[isoniazid]], [[cyclosporine]], [[hydralazine]], [[warfarin]], and [[heparin]]
* [[Radiation]] induced<ref name=AFP2007/>
* [[Aortic dissection]]<ref name=AFP2007/>
* [[Postpericardiotomy syndrome]]—such as after [[CABG]] surgery<ref name=AFP2007/>
* [[Vaccines]]-such as [[smallpox]]<ref name=josephpage376/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/46/Supplement_3/S242/575828 |title= Myocarditis, Pericarditis, and Dilated Cardiomyopathy after Smallpox Vaccination among Civilians in the United States, January–October 2003 |date=15 March 2008 |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> and [[COVID-19 vaccine|COVID-19 Vaccines]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Myocarditis and Pericarditis After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/myocarditis.html|access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref> in rare yet documented instances.

In August 2024, a team of Japanese researchers analyzed the data stored on the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database and investigated the link between Covid-19 vaccination and [[myocarditis]] and pericarditis. They found an association between mRNA injections and the heart diseases at statistically significant levels: the reporting odds ratio were 15.64(BNT162b2) and 54.23(mRNA-1273) for myocarditis, and 15.78(BNT162b2) and 27.03(mRNA-1273) for pericarditis.<ref> {{cite journal 
| title = SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine-related myocarditis and pericarditis: An analysis of the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database
| journal = Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
| date = Aug 2024
| vauthors = ((Takada, K.)) 
}}
</ref>