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Perissodactyla
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===Gut=== All perissodactyls are hindgut fermenters. In contrast to [[ruminant]]s, hindgut fermenters store digested food that has left the [[stomach]] in an enlarged [[cecum]], where the food begins digestion by microbes, with the fermentation continuing in the [[Equine_anatomy#Large_colon|large colon]]. No [[gallbladder]] is present. The stomach of perissodactyls is simply built, while the cecum accommodates up to {{convert|90|L|gal|abbr=on}} in horses. The [[Gastrointestinal tract|small intestine]] is very long, reaching up to {{convert|26|m|abbr=on}} in horses. Extraction of nutrients from food is relatively inefficient, which probably explains why no odd-toed ungulates are small; nutritional requirements per unit of body weight are lower for large animals, as their [[surface-area-to-volume ratio]] is smaller.
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