Editing Permian–Triassic extinction event (section)

=== Terrestrial invertebrates ===
The Permian had great diversity in insect and other invertebrate species, including the [[List of largest insects|largest insects]] ever to have existed. The end-Permian is the largest known mass extinction of insects;<ref name="ConradLabandeira">{{citation |journal=American Entomologist |date=1 January 2005 |volume=51 |pages=14–29 |title=The fossil record of insect extinction: New approaches and future directions |first=Conrad |last=Labandeira |doi=10.1093/ae/51.1.14|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ponomarenko |first=A. G. |date=13 May 2016 |title=Insects during the time around the Permian—Triassic crisis |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1134/S0031030116020052 |journal=[[Paleontological Journal]] |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=174–186 |doi=10.1134/S0031030116020052 |bibcode=2016PalJ...50..174P |issn=0031-0301 |access-date=13 October 2024 |via=Springer Link|url-access=subscription }}</ref> according to some sources, it may well be the only mass extinction to significantly affect insect diversity.<ref name="Labandeira">{{cite journal |vauthors=Labandeira CC, Sepkoski JJ |title=Insect diversity in the fossil record |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=261 |issue=5119 |pages=310–315 |year=1993 |pmid=11536548 |doi= 10.1126/science.11536548
|bibcode = 1993Sci...261..310L |citeseerx=10.1.1.496.1576 }}</ref><ref name="sole">{{cite encyclopedia |author1=Sole, R. V. |author2=Newman, M. |editor1=Canadell, J. G. |editor2=Mooney, H. A. |article=Extinctions and Biodiversity in the Fossil Record |title=Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, The Earth System |series=Biological and Ecological Dimensions of Global Environmental Change |volume=2 |publisher=Wiley |location=New York |year=2003 |pages=297–391 |isbn=978-0-470-85361-0}}</ref> Eight or nine insect [[Order (biology)|orders]] became extinct and ten more were greatly reduced in diversity. [[Palaeodictyopteroidea|Palaeodictyopteroids]] (insects with piercing and sucking mouthparts) began to decline during the mid-Permian; these extinctions have been linked to a change in flora. The greatest decline occurred in the Late Permian and was probably not directly caused by weather-related floral transitions.<ref name="Erwin1993" /> However, some observed entomofaunal declines in the PTME were biogeographic changes rather than outright extinctions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shcherbakov |first=D. E. |date=30 January 2008 |title=On Permian and Triassic insect faunas in relation to biogeography and the Permian-Triassic crisis |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1134/S0031030108010036 |journal=[[Paleontological Journal]] |language=en |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=15–31 |doi=10.1134/S0031030108010036 |bibcode=2008PalJ...42...15S |issn=0031-0301 |access-date=18 June 2024 |via=Springer Link|url-access=subscription }}</ref>