Editing Phrygian language (section)

== Alphabet ==
{{main|Phrygian alphabet}}
{{see also|Alphabets of Anatolia}}

From ca. 800 till 300 BCE, Phrygians used the [[Phrygian alphabet|Old-Phrygian alphabet]] of nineteen letters derived from the [[Phoenician alphabet]]. This script was usually written from left to right ("dextroverse"). The signs of this script are:<ref>Obrador Cursach (2018), p. 34.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 
|-
| sign || [[File:PhrygianAlphaL2R.png|12px]] || B || Γ || Δ || E || F || I || K || [[File:PhrygianLabdaL2R.png|12px]] || [[File:PhrygianMu L2R.png|12px]] || [[File:PhrygianNuL2R.png|12px]] || O || [[File:PhrygianPi L2R.png|12px]] || P || [[File:PhrygianSigmaL2Rvariant.png|12px]] || T || [[File:PhrygianU L2R.png|12px]] || [[File:PhrygianYodL2R.png|12px]] || [[File:PhrygianZeta R2L.png|12px]]
|-
| variants ||  || 8 ||  || Λ || [[File:PhrygianEpsL2Rvariant.png|12px]] ||  ||  || [[File:PhrygianKappaVariant3 R2L.png|12px]], [[File:PhrygianKappaVariant.png|12px]], 𐊜, [[File:PhrygianKappaVariant2.png|12px]] ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[File:PhrygianSigmaL2R.png|12px]], [[File:PhrygianSigmaL2Rvariant2.png|12px]], [[File:PhrygianSigmaL2Rvariant1.png|12px]] ||  ||  || X || Φ, [[File:PhrygianZetaVariant2.png|12px]], [[File:PhrygianZetaVariant.png|12px]]
|-
| transcription || ''a'' || ''b'' || ''g'' || ''d'' || ''e'' || ''v'' || ''i'' || ''k'' || ''l'' || ''m'' || ''n'' || ''o'' || ''p'' || ''r'' || ''s'' || ''t'' || ''u'' || ''y'' || [[File:PhrygianZeta R2L.png|12px]]
|-
| phoneme || /a/, <br>/a:/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /e/, <br>/e:/ || /w/ || /i/, <br>/i:/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/, <br>/o:/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/, <br>/u:/ || /j/ || /z/ <br>/zd/?
|}

About 15 percent of the inscriptions are written from right to left ("sinistroverse"), like Phoenician; in those cases, the signs are drawn mirrored:{{nbsp}}... [[File:PhrygianGammaR2L.png|10px]][[File:PhrygianBeta R2L.png|10px]][[File:PhrygianAlpha R2L.png|10px]] etc. instead of [[File:PhrygianAlphaL2R.png|10px]]BΓ.{{nbsp}}... A few dozen inscriptions are written in alternating directions ([[boustrophedon]]).

From ca. 300 BCE, this script was replaced by the [[Greek alphabet]]. A single inscription dates from ca. 300 BCE (sometimes called "Middle-Phrygian"), all other texts are much later, from the 1st till 3rd centuries CE (New-Phrygian). The Greek letters Θ, Ξ, Φ, Χ, and Ψ were rarely used—mainly for Greek names and loanwords (Κλευμαχοι, ''to Kleomakhos''; θαλαμει, ''funerary chamber'').