Editing Phylogeography (section)

==In humans==
{{main|Recent single-origin hypothesis|Multiregional hypothesis}}
Phylogeography has also proven to be useful in understanding the origin and dispersal patterns of our own species, ''[[Homo sapiens]]''. Based primarily on observations of skeletal remains of ancient human remains and estimations of their age, anthropologists proposed two competing hypotheses about human origins.

The first hypothesis is referred to as the '''[[Recent single-origin hypothesis|Out-of-Africa with replacement]]''' model, which contends that the last expansion out of [[Africa]] around 100,000 years ago resulted in the modern humans displacing all previous ''Homo'' spp. populations in [[Eurasia]] that were the result of an earlier wave of emigration out of Africa. The '''[[Multiregional hypothesis|multiregional]]''' scenario claims that individuals from the recent expansion out of Africa intermingled genetically with those human populations of more ancient African emigrations. 
A phylogeographic study that uncovered a '''[[Mitochondrial Eve]]''' that lived in Africa 150,000 years ago provided early support for the Out-of-Africa model.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Cann, R.L. |author2=Stoneking, M. |author3=A. C. Wilson |year=1987 |title=Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=325 |pages=31–36 |doi=10.1038/325031a0 |pmid=3025745 |issue=6099|bibcode=1987Natur.325...31C |s2cid=4285418 }}</ref>

While this study had its shortcomings, it received significant attention both within scientific circles and a wider audience. A more thorough phylogeographic analysis that used ten different genes instead of a single mitochondrial marker indicates that at least two major expansions out of Africa after the initial range extension of ''[[Homo erectus]]'' played an important role shaping the modern human gene pool and that recurrent genetic exchange is pervasive.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Templeton, A. R. |year=2002 |url=http://www.bioguider.com/ebook/biology/pdf/Templeton_n2002.pdf |title=Out of Africa again and again |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=416 |pages=45–51 |doi=10.1038/416045a |pmid=11882887 |issue=6876 |bibcode=2002Natur.416...45T |s2cid=4397398 |access-date=2017-11-17 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112033922/http://www.bioguider.com/ebook/biology/pdf/Templeton_n2002.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> These findings strongly demonstrated Africa's central role in the [[evolution]] of modern humans, but also indicated that the multiregional model had some validity. These studies have largely been supplanted by population genomic studies that use orders of magnitude more data.

In light of these recent data from the 1000 genomes project, genomic-scale SNP databases sampling thousands of individuals globally and samples taken from two non-Homo sapiens hominins (Neanderthals and Denisovans), the picture of human evolutionary has become more resolved and complex involving possible Neanderthal and Denisovan admixture, admixture with archaic African hominins, and Eurasian expansion into the Australasian region that predates the standard out of African expansion.