Editing Pinaceae (section)

=== Evolutionary history ===
Pinaceae is estimated to have diverged from other conifer groups during the late [[Carboniferous]] ~313 million years ago.<ref name="Leslie 2018 1531–1544">{{Cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Andrew B. |last2=Beaulieu |first2=Jeremy |last3=Holman |first3=Garth |last4=Campbell |first4=Christopher S. |last5=Mei |first5=Wenbin |last6=Raubeson |first6=Linda R. |last7=Mathews |first7=Sarah |date=2018 |title=An overview of extant conifer evolution from the perspective of the fossil record |url=https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajb2.1143 |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=105 |issue=9 |pages=1531–1544 |doi=10.1002/ajb2.1143 |pmid=30157290 |s2cid=52120430 |issn=1537-2197}}</ref> Various possible [[stem-group]] relatives have been reported from as early as the Late [[Permian]] ([[Lopingian]]) The extinct conifer cone genus ''[[Schizolepidopsis]]'' likely represent stem-group members of the Pinaceae, the first good records of which are in the Middle-Late [[Triassic]], with abundant records during the [[Jurassic]] across Eurasia.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Domogatskaya |first1=Ksenia V. |last2=Herman |first2=Alexei B. |date=May 2019 |title=New species of the genus Schizolepidopsis (conifers) from the Albian of the Russian high Arctic and geological history of the genus |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195667118304257 |journal=Cretaceous Research |language=en |volume=97 |pages=73–93 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.01.012|bibcode=2019CrRes..97...73D |s2cid=134849082 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Matsunaga |first1=Kelly K. S. |last2=Herendeen |first2=Patrick S. |last3=Herrera |first3=Fabiany |last4=Ichinnorov |first4=Niiden |last5=Crane |first5=Peter R. |last6=Shi |first6=Gongle |date=2021-05-10 |title=Ovulate Cones of Schizolepidopsis ediae sp. nov. Provide Insights into the Evolution of Pinaceae |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=182 |issue=6 |pages=490–507 |doi=10.1086/714281 |issn=1058-5893 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The oldest [[crown group]] (descendant of the last common ancestor of all living species) member of Pinaceae is the cone ''[[Eathiestrobus]]'', known from the Upper Jurassic (lower [[Kimmeridgian]], 157.3-154.7 million years ago) of Scotland,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rothwell |first1=Gar W. |last2=Mapes |first2=Gene |last3=Stockey |first3=Ruth A. |last4=Hilton |first4=Jason |date=April 2012 |title=The seed cone Eathiestrobus gen. nov.: Fossil evidence for a Jurassic origin of Pinaceae |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=708–720 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1100595 |pmid=22491001}}</ref> which likely belongs to the pinoid grouping of the family.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Selena Y. |last2=Stockey |first2=Ruth A. |last3=Rothwell |first3=Gar W. |last4=Little |first4=Stefan A. |date=2017-01-02 |title=A new species of Pityostrobus (Pinaceae) from the Cretaceous of California: moving towards understanding the Cretaceous radiation of Pinaceae |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2016.1143885 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=69–81 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2016.1143885 |bibcode=2017JSPal..15...69S |s2cid=88292891 |issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":11" /> Pinaceae rapidly radiated during the [[Early Cretaceous]].<ref name="Leslie 2018 1531–1544" /> Members of the modern genera ''Pinus'' (pines), ''Picea'' (spruce) and ''Cedrus'' (cedar) first appear during the Early Cretaceous.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Blokhina |first1=N. I. |last2=Afonin |first2=M. |date=2007 |title=Fossil wood Cedrus penzhinaensis sp. nov. (Pinaceae) from the Lower Cretaceous of north-western Kamchatka (Russia) |journal=Acta Paleobotanica |language=en |volume=47 |pages=379–389 |s2cid=54653621 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ashley A. Klymiuk |author2=Ruth A. Stockey |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=A Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) seed cone provides the earliest fossil record for Picea (Pinaceae) |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=1069–1082 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1100568 |pmid=22623610 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Patricia E. Ryberg |author2=Gar W. Rothwell |author3=Ruth A. Stockey |author4=Jason Hilton |author5=Gene Mapes |author6=James B. Riding |year=2012 |title=Reconsidering Relationships among Stem and Crown Group Pinaceae: Oldest Record of the Genus ''Pinus'' from the Early Cretaceous of Yorkshire, United Kingdom |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=173 |issue=8 |pages=917–932 |doi=10.1086/667228 |s2cid=85402168}}</ref> The extinct Cretaceous genera ''[[Pseudoaraucaria]]'' and ''[[Obirastrobus]]'' appear to be members of Abietoideae, while ''[[Pityostrobus]]'' appears to be non-monophyletic, containing many disparately related members of Pinaceae.<ref name=":12" /> While Pinaceae, and indeed all of its subfamilies, substantially predate the break up of the super-continent [[Pangaea|Pangea]], its distribution was limited to northern [[Laurasia]].  During the Cenozoic, Pinaceae had higher rates of species turnover than Southern Hemisphere conifers, thought to be driven by range shifts in response to glacial cycles.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Andrew B. |last2=Beaulieu |first2=Jeremy M. |last3=Rai |first3=Hardeep S. |last4=Crane |first4=Peter R. |last5=Donoghue |first5=Michael J. |last6=Mathews |first6=Sarah |date=2012-10-02 |title=Hemisphere-scale differences in conifer evolutionary dynamics |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=109 |issue=40 |pages=16217–16221 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1213621109 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3479534 |pmid=22988083|bibcode=2012PNAS..10916217L }}</ref>