Editing Poaching (section)

=== United States ===
[[File:Lady Baltimore, in her habitat.jpg|thumb|[[Lady Baltimore (bald eagle)|Lady Baltimore]], a [[bald eagle]] in [[Alaska]] survived a poaching attempt in the [[Juneau Raptor Center]] [[Mews (falconry)|mews]] on 15 August 2015]]
[[File:FMIB 34651 Ducks Illegally Netted in Lake Ontario.jpeg|thumb|Poached [[duck]]s in [[Lake Ontario]], 1915.]]
In North America, the blatant defiance of the laws by poachers escalated to armed conflicts with law authorities, including the [[Oyster Wars]] of the [[Chesapeake Bay]] and the joint US-British [[Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations]] of 1891 over the hunting of seals. In the [[Chesapeake Bay]] in the [[1930s]] one of the biggest threats to [[Anseriformes|waterfowl]] was local poachers using [[Flat-bottomed boat|flat boats]] with [[swivel gun|swivel]] [[cannon]]s that killed entire [[Flock (birds)|flocks]] with one [[gunshot|shot]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dacy |first=George H. |date=1933 |title=Poaching Made Big Business by Ruthless Gangs of Killers |journal=Popular Science |volume=123 |issue=4 |pages=30–31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Goodall |first=Jamie L. H. |title=Pirates of the Chesapeake Bay: from the colonial era to the Oyster Wars |date=2020 |publisher=History Press |isbn=978-1-4671-4116-1 |location=Charleston, SC |oclc=on1121083054}}{{Page needed|date=September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Walsh |first=Harry M. |title=The outlaw gunner: a journey from hunting for survival to a call for waterfowl conservation |publisher=Schiffer Publishing |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-7643-6061-9 |edition=Second |location=Atglen, PA}}{{Page needed|date=September 2024}}</ref>

Violations of [[hunting laws]] and regulations concerning [[wildlife management]], local or international [[wildlife conservation]] schemes constitute wildlife [[crime]]s that are typically punishable.<ref name=Musgrave1993>{{cite journal |author1=Musgrave, R. S. |author2=Parker, S. |author3=Wolok, M. |year=1993 |title=Status of Poaching in the United States – Are We Protecting Our Wildlife? |journal=Natural Resources Journal |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=977–1014}}</ref><ref name=Oldfield2002>{{cite book |editor=Oldfield, S. |year=2002 |title=The Trade in Wildlife: Regulation for Conservation |publisher=Earthscan Publications Ltd. |place=London}}</ref> The following violations and offenses are considered acts of poaching in the US:
* Hunting, killing or collecting wildlife that is listed as [[endangered species|endangered]] by the [[IUCN]] and protected by law such as the [[Endangered Species Act]], the [[Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918]] and international treaties such as [[CITES]].<ref name=Musgrave1993/>
* [[Fishing]] and [[hunting]] without a [[hunting license|license]].<ref name=Oldfield2002/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eliason |first1=S |year=2003 |title=Illegal hunting and angling: The neutralization of wildlife law violations |journal=Society & Animals |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=225–244 |doi=10.1163/156853003322773032 |s2cid=143410598}}</ref>
* Capturing wildlife outside legal hours and outside the [[hunting season]];<ref name=Musgrave1993 /><ref name=Oldfield2002/> usually the [[breeding season]] is declared as the [[closed season]] during which wildlife is protected by law;
* [[Canned hunt]]ing;
* Prohibited use of [[machine gun]]s, [[poison]], [[explosive]]s, [[snare trap]]s, [[Net (device)|nets]] and [[pitfall trap]]s.<ref name=Musgrave1993/>
* Other offenses of incorrect weaponry, such as the use of cartridge rifles in muzzleloader or archery season or in shotgun-only areas, or the killing of big game animals with insufficient firepower such as [[.22 Long Rifle]] rounds.
* Prohibited use of [[bait (luring substance)|baiting]] with food, decoys or recorded calls in order to increase chances for shooting wildlife.<ref name=Musgrave1993 />
* Hunting from a moving [[vehicle]] or [[aircraft]].<ref name=Musgrave1993/>
* Scouting game animals from an aircraft.
* [[Spotlighting]], or shining animals with a [[searchlight|spotlight]] at night to impair their natural defences and thus facilitate an easy kill, is considered [[animal abuse]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Green |first1=G. S. |year=2002 |title=The other criminalities of animal freeze-killers: Support for a generality of deviance |journal=Society & Animals |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=5–30 |doi=10.1163/156853002760030851}}</ref> This hunting method is illegal in [[California]], [[Virginia]], [[Connecticut]], [[Florida]], [[Michigan]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Maine]], [[Texas]], and [[Tennessee]].<ref name=Musgrave1993/>
* Night Hunting;
* [[Trespassing]];
* Taking wildlife on land that is restricted, owned by, or licensed to somebody else.
* The animal or plant has been tagged by a researcher.
* Taking females and juveniles.  
* Hunting or fishing over [[Bag limits|limit]].