Editing Point Roberts, Washington (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:Point Roberts USGS map cropped.JPG|thumb|USGS map showing Point Roberts]]
Point Roberts is a U.S. [[Enclave and exclave|exclave]] bordered by Canada and the waters of [[Boundary Bay]]. It is {{convert|22|mi}} south of [[Downtown Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]. Point Roberts is part of the U.S. because it lies south of the 49th parallel, which constitutes the [[Canada–United States border|Canada–US border]] in that area. Other exclaves of this type include parts of [[Minnesota]] such as the [[Northwest Angle]] and [[Elm Point, Minnesota]]. [[Alburgh, Vermont]] and nearby Province Point are separated from the rest of the U.S. by Lake Champlain, though Alburgh is reachable by highway bridge from "mainland" Vermont.

Point Roberts borders the municipality of [[Delta, British Columbia|Delta]] in British Columbia. Boundary Bay lies to the east of Point Roberts and the [[Strait of Georgia]] to the south and west. The U.S. portion of the peninsula is about {{convert|2|mi|0}} from north to south and about {{convert|3|mi|0}} from east to west. It has an area of {{convert|4.884|sqmi}}, all land.

===Geology===
[[File:East cliff-face Lily Point.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|East cliff-face at Lily Point]]

Beneath Point Roberts, the bedrock of the [[Chuckanut Formation]] was deposited as an alluvial plain containing layers of sediments consisting of silt, sand, gravel and peat. During the last 60 million years the sediments were compacted and folded by mountain building forces from continental drift to form strata of siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate and coal. During recent geologic history, the Chuckanut formation was overridden by four or more glaciations.<ref>{{cite journal| last = Armstrong | first = J.E |author2=Crandell, D. R. |author3=Easterbrook, D. J. |author4=Noble, J. E. | name-list-style=amp|title = Late Pleistocene Stratigraphy and Chronology in Southwestern British Columbia and Northwestern Washington | journal = Geological Society of America Bulletin | volume = 76 | pages = 321–330 | date = March 1965 | doi = 10.1130/0016-7606(1965)76[321:LPSACI]2.0.CO;2 | issue = 3| bibcode = 1965GSAB...76..321A }}</ref>

Point Roberts consists of a series of the resulting glacial sediments resting upon the Chuckanut Formation. The lowest glacial sediments (now near sea level) are from Salmon Springs or older glaciations. At the peak of the most recent glaciation, the main ice sheet was in excess of {{Convert|7000|ft}} thick as it moved southward between Vancouver Island and the Canadian Coast Range and down the Strait of Georgia. A smaller lobe of the continental glacier in excess of {{Convert|5000|ft}} traveled down the Fraser River flood plains merging with the main ice sheet over the greater Vancouver area and Whatcom and Skagit Counties. The coalesced continental ice sheet traveled south terminating in the vicinity of [[Chehalis, Washington]]. Relatively impermeable Vashon glacial lodgment till (estimated to be as much as {{Convert|40|ft}} thick at the uppermost layer) was plastered over the advance outwash as the weight of the {{Convert|7000|ft|adj=on}} thick plus Strait of Georgia ice lobe moved southward over approximately 10,000 years. (Armstrong, et al., 1965) Point Roberts, Tsawwassen, and part of British Columbia extending past English Bluff comprised an island at the close of the [[Vashon Glaciation]], approximately 11,000 years ago.

As the ice sheets melted, the thinner Fraser Lobe began to float while the Strait of Georgia lobe acted as a dam forming a lake under the Fraser Lobe. Sediments settling from the melting, floating ice resulted in the accumulation of {{Convert|300|ft}} or more of [[glacial drift|glacial marine drift]] over much of western Whatcom County. (Easterbrook, 1976; Geologic Map of Western Whatcom County, Washington, USGS, Map I-854-B) This glacial marine drift is generally soft and was not consolidated by the weight of the glacier. A discontinuous, thin mantle of this glacial marine drift above the [[glacial till|glacial lodgement till]] has been identified sporadically across Point Roberts. The uppermost layer of glacial sediments consists of [[recessional moraine|recessional]] sand, silt, and gravel deposited as the Strait of Georgia ice lobe receded. Since the recession of the glaciers, the Fraser River has deposited [[River delta|deltaic]] sediments on the north and easterly side of the Point Roberts-Tsawwassen Island, connecting it to the Greater Vancouver mainland (approximately 2,500 years ago, Murray 2008). At some locations, these sediments have been eroded or removed, exposing the lodgement till.

===Parks and features===
[[File:North_from_maple_beach.jpg|right|thumb|Looking north on a clear summer day from Maple Beach]]

* Maple Beach (NE) {{nb5}}
* Monument Park (NW)
* Lighthouse Marine Park (SW)
* Point Roberts Skate Park (Central - recreational open space)
* [[Lily Point Marine Reserve]] (SE)
* Cascadia Marine Trail (S and E)

===Neighborhoods===
* South Beach Estates (beach rights)
* Bells Grove
* Crystal Waters 
* Freeman Beach
* Lily Point
* Maple Beach
* Waters Plat
* Ocean View Estates
* Seabright Farm Cottages
* Cedar Heights

===Climate===
Despite its proximity to 49 °N latitude, Point Roberts has an [[Oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''); however, winters may be colder for this climatic subtype, similar to the [[Vancouver]]-[[Seattle]]-[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] axis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plantmaps.com/koppen-climate-classification-map-united-states.php|title=Interactive United States Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map|website=www.plantmaps.com|language=en|access-date=November 7, 2018|archive-date=January 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122182229/https://www.plantmaps.com/koppen-climate-classification-map-united-states.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Point Roberts lies within a [[Depression (geology)|depression]] created by [[Vancouver Island]], the north shore mountains surrounding [[Vancouver]], and the North Cascades (including [[Mount Baker]]). This [[micro-climate]] provides some of the mildest weather in the [[Pacific Northwest]]. With annual precipitation of about {{convert|40|in|mm}}, Point Roberts enjoys more sunny days and a milder climate than its neighbors.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} While 49 °N latitude suggests a harsh winter, [[snow]] averages and low January temperatures are milder than the American average: {{convert|8.4|in|mm}} in vs {{convert|25.8|in|mm}} and {{convert|35.8|°F|°C}} vs {{convert|22.6|°F|°C}}, respectively. Although the amount of rainfall is less than the regional average, it is better-distributed through the year , with 146 days of precipitation. The comfort index is high.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/washington/point_roberts|title=Point Roberts, Washington Climate|website=www.bestplaces.net|access-date=November 7, 2018|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309215304/https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/washington/point_roberts|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Weatherbox
|location = Point Roberts, Washington
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
<!--Average high temperatures-->
|Jan high F = 45.3
|Feb high F = 48.3
|Mar high F = 52.4
|Apr high F = 57.3
|May high F = 63.0
|Jun high F = 67.6
|Jul high F = 71.6
|Aug high F = 71.7
|Sep high F = 66.8
|Oct high F = 57.7
|Nov high F = 49.5
|Dec high F = 44.2
|year high F= 58.0
<!--Average low temperatures-->
|Jan low F = 34.5
|Feb low F = 35.0
|Mar low F = 38.0
|Apr low F = 41.4
|May low F = 46.3
|Jun low F = 50.8
|Jul low F = 53.6
|Aug low F = 53.4
|Sep low F = 49.0
|Oct low F = 43.4
|Nov low F = 38.2
|Dec low F = 33.7
|year low F= 43.1
<!--Record high temperatures-->
|Jan record high F = 61
|Feb record high F = 68
|Mar record high F = 72
|Apr record high F = 80
|May record high F = 85
|Jun record high F = 92
|Jul record high F = 95
|Aug record high F = 92
|Sep record high F = 86
|Oct record high F = 78
|Nov record high F = 65
|Dec record high F = 62
|year record high F= 95
<!--Record low temperatures-->
|Jan record low F = −1
|Feb record low F = −1
|Mar record low F = 11
|Apr record low F = 22
|May record low F = 26
|Jun record low F = 35
|Jul record low F = 37
|Aug record low F = 37
|Sep record low F = 28
|Oct record low F = 19
|Nov record low F = 6
|Dec record low F = −1
|year record low F= −1
<!--Total Precipitation, this should include rain and snow.-->
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 4.98
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.40
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.41
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.43
|May precipitation inch = 2.02
|Jun precipitation inch = 1.72
|Jul precipitation inch = 1.22
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.39
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.85
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.65
|Nov precipitation inch = 6.01
|Dec precipitation inch = 5.90
|year precipitation inch= 37.98
|Jan snow inch = 2.5
|Feb snow inch = 1.5
|Mar snow inch = 0.6
|Apr snow inch = 0
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0.1
|Nov snow inch = 0.7
|Dec snow inch = 3.0
|year snow inch= 8.4
| source 1                = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://plantmaps.com/98281|title=Zipcode 98281|website=www.plantmaps.com|access-date=January 20, 2023|archive-date=January 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121021253/https://plantmaps.com/98281|url-status=live}}</ref>
| source 2                = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/washington/point_roberts|title=Climate in Point Roberts, Washington|website=best-places.net|access-date=January 20, 2023|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309215304/https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/washington/point_roberts|url-status=live}}</ref>
|date=April 2011}}