Editing Privity of contract (section)

===Common law exceptions===
There are exceptions to the general rule, allowing rights to third parties and some impositions of obligations. These are:
*Collateral Contracts (between the third party and one of the contracting parties)
*[[Trusts]] (the beneficiary of a trust may sue the trustee to carry out the contract)
*Land Law (restrictive covenants on land are imposed upon subsequent purchasers if the covenant benefits neighbouring land)
*Agency and the [[Assignment (law)|assignment]] of contractual rights are permitted.
*[[Third-party insurance]] - A third party may claim under an insurance policy made for their benefit, even though that party did not pay the premiums.
*[[Contracts for the benefit of a group]], where a contract to supply a service is made in one person's name but is intended  to sue at common law if the contract is breached; there is no privity of contract between them and the supplier of the service.

Attempts have been made to evade the doctrine by implying trusts (with varying success), constructing the [[Law of Property Act 1925]] s. 56(1) to read the words "other property" as including contractual rights, and applying the concept of restrictive covenants to property other than real property (without success).

# in case of trust/beneficiary 
# in case of family arrangement
# in case of acknowledgment of debts
# in case of assignment of contract.