Editing Project (section)

== Specific uses ==

=== School and university ===
A project is an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned and researched about by students. At schools, educational institutes and universities, a project is a [[research]] assignment - given to a student - which generally requires a larger amount of effort and more independent work than that involved in a normal essay assignment. It requires students to undertake their fact-finding and analysis, either from library/internet research or from gathering data empirically. The written report that comes from the project is usually in the form of a [[dissertation]], which will contain sections on the project's inception, analysis, findings and conclusions.<ref>Thomas, G: ''How to do your research project''. Sage Publications Inc, 2009....</ref>

=== Project management ===
{{main|Project management}}

In project management, a project consists of a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique [[Product (business)|product]], [[Service (economics)|service]] or result.{{sfn|Project Management Institute|2021}}{{rp|loc=Section 1.2}} Another definition is a [[management]] environment that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more [[Product (business)|business product]]s according to a specified [[business case]].<ref>R. Max Wideman (2004), ''A Management Framework: For Project, Program and Portfolio Integration.'' p. 30</ref> Projects can also be seen as temporary organizations.<ref>[[Rodney Turner|Turner, J. Rodney]], and Ralf Müller. "On the nature of the project as a temporary organization." ''International journal of project management'' 21.1 (2003): 1-8.</ref>

Project [[goal|objectives]] define target status at the end of the project, reaching of which is considered necessary for the achievement of planned benefits. They can be formulated as [[SMART criteria]]:{{sfn|Project Management Institute|2021}}{{rp|loc=Section 2.7.1.2}}<ref name="PMH">Carr, David, [http://www.pmhut.com/make-sure-your-project-goals-are-smart Make Sure Your Project Goals are SMART], PM Hut. Accessed 18. Oct 2009.</ref> Projects are often guided by a [[steering group]].

* Specific
* Measurable (or at least evaluable) achievement
* Achievable (recently Agreed to or Acceptable are used{{by whom|date=February 2017}} regularly as well)
* Realistic (given the current state of organizational resources)
* Time terminated (bounded)

The evaluation (measurement) occurs at the project closure. However, a continuous guard on the project progress should be kept by monitoring and evaluating.

===Civil and military construction and industry infrastructure===
In civil, military and industry (e.g. oil and gas) infrastructure, capital projects refer to activities to construct and install equipment, facilities and buildings. As these activities are temporary endeavors with clear start and end dates, the term "project" is applied. Because the results of these activities are typically long-standing infrastructure, with a life measured in years or decades, these projects are typically accounted for in financial accounting as capital expenditures, and thus they are termed "capital projects".

=== Computer software ===
In [[computer]] [[software]], a project can consist of programs, configuration definitions and related data.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} For example, in [[Microsoft Visual Studio]], a "solution" consists of projects and other definitions.{{sfn|Hundhausen|2006}}

===Corporate finance ===
{{more|Corporate finance#Investment and project valuation}}
In [[corporate finance]], "project" is often used to refer new [[capital budgeting|capital investments]]; 
<ref name="Damodaran">[[Aswath Damodaran]], [https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/acf4E/presentations/invretA.pdf "Measuring Returns on Investments"]</ref>
these will span a spectrum of size and / or purpose (money making or cost saving).
"Projects", then, 
<ref name="Damodaran"/>
are usually [[Strategic planning|major strategic decisions]] (to enter new areas of business or new markets), or [[mergers and acquisitions|acquisitions of other firms]], but may include new ventures within existing businesses or markets, [[FP&A|or decisions that may change]] the way existing ventures are run.

=== State project ===
It can be defined as "a set of state policies and/or agencies unified around a particular issue or oppression".{{sfn|Deric.|2011}} Therefore, these kinds of projects involve constant change and dynamism due to the social constructions that evolve among time. State projects have to adapt to the current moment. They are mostly community services based.

=== Infrastructure code ===
In the context of infrastructure code, a project is a collection of code used to build a discrete component of the system. There is no rule on how much a single project or its component can include.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Kief |title=Infrastructure as Code {{!}} Second edition |url=https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/books/infrastructure-as-code-2nd-edition |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Thoughtworks |language=en}}</ref>

=== Project services ===
It is the performance of services, including consultation, operation, management, administrative or other services, for the project. For examples: Site One Landscape Supply provides project services for project bids and submittals in the landscaping industry. Jubilee Scholars consulting firm provides multidisciplinary project services. 

=== Service project ===
It is a project that is meant to improve the lives of others, often done without expecting anything in return. It can benefit individuals, a non-profit, or a community<ref>{{Cite web |title=is a community project a service project |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=is+a+community+project+a+service+project&sca_esv=f8a6a0f1927ce164&ei=TgoEZ-X7GeK4wN4Pj4yxgAw&ved=0ahUKEwjl2oyy1vyIAxViHNAFHQ9GDMAQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=is+a+community+project+a+service+project&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiKGlzIGEgY29tbXVuaXR5IHByb2plY3QgYSBzZXJ2aWNlIHByb2plY3QyBRAhGKABMgUQIRigATIFECEYoAEyBRAhGKABMgUQIRifBUjoQ1AAWKBAcAB4AZABAJgBqQGgAdgeqgEFMjYuMTS4AQPIAQD4AQGYAiigAu0fwgIQEAAYgAQYkQIYigUYRhj5AcICCxAAGIAEGJECGIoFwgILEAAYgAQYsQMYgwHCAggQABiABBixA8ICCBAuGIAEGLEDwgIOEC4YgAQYsQMY0QMYxwHCAgsQLhiABBixAxiDAcICCBAuGIAEGNQCwgIFEC4YgATCAioQABiABBiRAhiKBRhGGPkBGJcFGIwFGN0EGEYY-QEY9AMY9QMY9gPYAQHCAgoQABiABBhDGIoFwgILEC4YgAQYxwEYrwHCAgUQABiABMICDhAuGIAEGLEDGIMBGIoFwgIOEAAYgAQYsQMYgwEYigXCAgoQABiABBhGGPsBwgIWEAAYgAQYRhj7ARiXBRiMBRjdBNgBAcICBhAAGBYYHsICCBAAGBYYHhgPwgILEAAYgAQYhgMYigXCAggQABiABBiiBMICCBAAGKIEGIkFwgIFECEYqwKYAwC6BgYIARABGBOSBwUyNC4xNqAH_pYC&sclient=gws-wiz-serp}}</ref> A service project can directly address community needs, indirectly address community needs through research, organization, or community action; and provide research and advocacy for change in society, politics, and the environment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=service project meaning |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=service+project+meaning&sca_esv=b95f46454ff89c88&ei=SBAEZ6PRPN_cwN4P3KaUqAQ&ved=0ahUKEwijlfeL3PyIAxVfLtAFHVwTBUUQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=service+project+meaning&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiF3NlcnZpY2UgcHJvamVjdCBtZWFuaW5nMgsQABiABBiRAhiKBTIGEAAYFhgeMgYQABgWGB4yCBAAGBYYHhgPMgoQABgWGAoYHhgPMgYQABgWGB4yBhAAGBYYHjIGEAAYFhgeMgYQABgWGB4yBhAAGBYYHkjEEFDSA1jzDXABeAGQAQCYAXSgAZkGqgEDNC40uAEDyAEA-AEBmAIJoAK9BsICChAAGLADGNYEGEfCAg0QABiABBiwAxhDGIoFwgIFEAAYgASYAwCIBgGQBgqSBwM1LjSgB9Y9&sclient=gws-wiz-serp}}</ref>

=== Community project ===
{{Main|Community project}}

A community project is a community-based project. It is a type of service project.<ref>{{Cite web |title=is a community project a service project |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=is+a+community+project+a+service+project&sca_esv=f8a6a0f1927ce164&ei=TgoEZ-X7GeK4wN4Pj4yxgAw&ved=0ahUKEwjl2oyy1vyIAxViHNAFHQ9GDMAQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=is+a+community+project+a+service+project&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiKGlzIGEgY29tbXVuaXR5IHByb2plY3QgYSBzZXJ2aWNlIHByb2plY3QyBRAhGKABMgUQIRigATIFECEYoAEyBRAhGKABMgUQIRifBUjoQ1AAWKBAcAB4AZABAJgBqQGgAdgeqgEFMjYuMTS4AQPIAQD4AQGYAiigAu0fwgIQEAAYgAQYkQIYigUYRhj5AcICCxAAGIAEGJECGIoFwgILEAAYgAQYsQMYgwHCAggQABiABBixA8ICCBAuGIAEGLEDwgIOEC4YgAQYsQMY0QMYxwHCAgsQLhiABBixAxiDAcICCBAuGIAEGNQCwgIFEC4YgATCAioQABiABBiRAhiKBRhGGPkBGJcFGIwFGN0EGEYY-QEY9AMY9QMY9gPYAQHCAgoQABiABBhDGIoFwgILEC4YgAQYxwEYrwHCAgUQABiABMICDhAuGIAEGLEDGIMBGIoFwgIOEAAYgAQYsQMYgwEYigXCAgoQABiABBhGGPsBwgIWEAAYgAQYRhj7ARiXBRiMBRjdBNgBAcICBhAAGBYYHsICCBAAGBYYHhgPwgILEAAYgAQYhgMYigXCAggQABiABBiiBMICCBAAGKIEGIkFwgIFECEYqwKYAwC6BgYIARABGBOSBwUyNC4xNqAH_pYC&sclient=gws-wiz-serp}}</ref>