Editing Prophet's Mosque (section)

=== Ottoman period (1517–1805 and 1840–1919) ===
[[File:Masjid an-Nabawi 1750.jpg|thumb|alt=An illustration of the Mosque, 18th century|An illustration of the mosque in the 18th century]]{{More citations needed|section|date=October 2024}}
Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] (r. 1520–1566) rebuilt the east and west walls of the mosque, and added the northeastern minaret known as ''Süleymaniyye''. He added a new altar called Ahnaf next to Muhammad's altar, Shafi'iyya, and placed a new steel-covered dome on the tomb of Muhammad. Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent wrote the names of the [[Ottoman sultans]] from [[Osman I|Osman Ghazi]] to himself ([[Suleiman the Magnificent|Kanuni]]) and revived the "Gate of Mercy" (''Bab ur-Rahme'') or the west gate. The pulpit that is used today was built under Sultan [[Murad III]] (r. 1574–1595).{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

In 1817, Sultan [[Mahmud II]] (r. 1808–1839) completed the construction of "the Purified Residence" (''Ar-Rawdah Al-Muṭahharah'' ({{Lang|ar|ٱلرَّوْضَة ٱلْمُطَهَّرَة}}) in [[Arabic]], and ''Ravza-i Mutahhara'' in [[Turkish language|Turkish]]) on the southeast side of the mosque, and covered with a new dome. The dome was painted green in 1837, and has been known as the "[[Green Dome]]" (''Kubbe-i Khadra'') ever since.<ref name="Syed" /> Sultan Mahmud II's successor, Sultan [[Abdülmecid I|Abdulmecid I]] ({{reign|1839|1861}}), took thirteen years to rebuild the mosque, beginning in 1849.{{sfn|Ariffin|2005|p=64}} Red stone bricks were used as the main material in reconstruction of the mosque. The floor area of the mosque was increased by {{convert|1293|m2|ft2}}.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

The entire mosque was reorganized except for the tomb of Muhammad, the three altars, the pulpit and the Suleymaniye minaret. On the walls, verses from the [[Quran]] were inscribed in [[Islamic calligraphy]]. On the northern side of the mosque, a ''[[madrasah]]'' was built for teaching the Qur'an.{{sfn|Ariffin|2005|p=65}} An [[Wudu|ablution]] site was added to the north side. The prayer place on the south side was doubled in width, and covered with small domes. The interiors of the domes were decorated with verses from the Qur'an and couplets from the poem ''[[Qasida al-Burda|Kaside-i Bürde]]''. The ''[[Qibla|qibli]]'' wall was covered with polished tiles with lines inscribed from the Qur'an. The places of prayer and courtyard were paved with marble and red stone. The fifth minaret, ''Mecidiyye'', was built to the west of the surrounded area. Following the "Desert Tiger" [[Fakhri Pasha]]'s arrest by his own officers having resisted for 72 days after the end of the [[Siege of Medina]] on 10 January 1919, 550 years of Ottoman rule in the region came to an end.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

==== Saudi insurgency (1805–1811) ====
When [[Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud|Saud bin Abdul-Aziz]] took Medina in 1805, his followers, the Wahhabis, [[Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia|demolished nearly every tomb]] and dome in Medina to prevent their veneration,<ref name="Weston2008">{{cite book|author=Mark Weston|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EEEFsVYLko4C&pg=PA102|title=Prophets and princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the present|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2008|isbn=978-0-470-18257-4|pages=102–103}}</ref> except the Green Dome.<ref name="Behrens-AbouseifVernoit2006">{{cite book|author1=Doris Behrens-Abouseif|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A4q58Af5zAoC&pg=PA22|title=Islamic art in the 19th century: tradition, innovation, and eclecticism|author2=Stephen Vernoit|publisher=BRILL|year=2006|isbn=978-90-04-14442-2|page=22}}</ref> As per the sahih hadiths, they considered the veneration of tombs and places, which were thought to possess supernatural powers, as an offence against ''[[tawhid]]'', and an act of ''[[Shirk (Islam)|shirk]]''.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|edition=2nd|publisher=Brill Academic Publishers|volume=11|pages=40, 42|last=Peskes|first=Esther|title=Wahhābiyya|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]|year=2000|isbn=90-04-12756-9}}</ref> Muhammad's tomb was stripped of its gold and jewel ornaments, but the dome was preserved either because of an unsuccessful attempt to demolish its complex and hardened structure, or because some time ago, [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], founder of the [[Wahhabism|Wahhabi]] movement, wrote that he did not wish to see the dome destroyed.<ref name="Weston2008" />