Editing Pyelonephritis (section)

===Laboratory examination===
[[Urinalysis|Analysis of the urine]] may show signs of urinary tract infection. Specifically, the presence of [[Nitrite test|nitrite]] and [[white blood cell]]s on a [[urine test strip]] in patients with typical symptoms are sufficient for the diagnosis of pyelonephritis, and are an indication for [[empirical treatment]]. [[Blood test]]s such as a [[complete blood count]] may show [[neutrophilia]]. [[Microbiological culture]] of the urine, with or without [[blood culture]]s and [[Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing|antibiotic sensitivity testing]] are useful for establishing a formal diagnosis,<ref name=Ramakrishnan2005/> and are considered mandatory.<ref name=Gupta2011>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG, Moran GJ, Nicolle LE, Raz R, Schaeffer AJ, Soper DE | title = International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: A 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 52 | issue = 5 | pages = e103–e120 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21292654 | doi = 10.1093/cid/ciq257 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>