Editing Pygmy mammoth (section)

== Description ==
[[File:M. exilis skeletal.png|thumb|Size of the mostly complete Santa Rosa specimen discovered in 1994 compared to a human]]
''M. exilis'' was on average, {{convert|1.72|-|2.02|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall at the shoulders and {{convert|760|-|1350|kg|lb|abbr=on}} in weight,<ref>{{cite web |last=Agenbroad |first=L. D. |year=2010 |title=Mammuthus exilis from the California Channel Islands: Height, Mass and Geologic Age |url=http://iws.org/CISProceedings/7th_CIS_Proceedings/Agenbroad.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608211048/https://www.iws.org/CISProceedings/7th_CIS_Proceedings/Agenbroad.pdf |archive-date=8 June 2012 |access-date=13 June 2012 |work=Proceedings of the 7th California Islands Symposium |page=17}}</ref><ref name="probos_mass">{{Cite journal |last1=Larramendi |first1=A. |year=2016 |title=Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans |url=https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app001362014.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=61 |doi=10.4202/app.00136.2014 |access-date=November 21, 2015 |doi-access=free}}</ref> making it around 17% of the body size of its {{convert|3.72|-|4.2|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, {{convert|9.2|-|12.5|t|LT ST|abbr=on}} ancestor.<ref name="probos_mass" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=van der Geer |first1=Alexandra A. E. |last2=van den Bergh |first2=Gerrit D. |last3=Lyras |first3=George A. |last4=Prasetyo |first4=Unggul W. |last5=Due |first5=Rokus Awe |last6=Setiyabudi |first6=Erick |last7=Drinia |first7=Hara |date=August 2016 |title=The effect of area and isolation on insular dwarf proboscideans |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.12743 |journal=Journal of Biogeography |language=en |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=1656–1666 |doi=10.1111/jbi.12743 |bibcode=2016JBiog..43.1656V |issn=0305-0270}}</ref> Like other mammoths, the species exhibited sexual dimorphism, with males being larger than females.<ref name=":4">L.D. Agenbroad. (2003). [https://natuurtijdschriften.nl/pub/538667/DEIN2003009001002.pdf New absolute dates and comparisons for California’s ''Mammuthus exilis'']. ''Deinsea'', ''9''(1), 1–16.</ref> The limb bones of the species show [[Allometry#Isometric scaling and geometric similarity|isometric growth]] (preserving length-width ratio) from juveniles to adults, similar to those of living [[African elephant]]s.<ref>T. Htun, D.R. Prothero, J.M. Hoffman, S.M. Lukowski, V. Syverson Allometric trends in dwarfing in the extinct Pleistocene Channel Islands pigmy mammoth, ''Mammuthus exilis'' Fossil Record, 6 (1) (2018)  79</ref> In comparison to Columbian mammoths, the femur has a rounded rather than elliptical cross-section, and lacks a lateral tuberosity. The tusks are relatively straight and are around 50% the length and diameter of those of Columbian mammoths.<ref name=":4" />