Editing Quezon City (section)

====Creation of Quezon City====
[[File:Quezon Memorial Circle - top shot from City Hall (Diliman, Quezon City)(2018-02-07) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Quezon Memorial Circle]] is the focal point of the newly established capital city, site of the proposed National Capitol building.|left]]
With the development of the People's Homesite Corporation housing in the Diliman Estate and the creation of the new UP Campus, the creation of Quezon City was justified.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> On October 12, 1939, Commonwealth Act No. 502, also known as the Charter of Quezon City, was passed by the National Assembly, which created Quezon City.<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=CA|number=502|title=An Act to Create Quezon City|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1939/10/12/commonwealth-act-no-502/|access-date=August 8, 2022|date=October 12, 1939|publisher=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines]]|archive-date=March 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308195829/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1939/10/12/commonwealth-act-no-502/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Surprisingly, Quezon allowed the bill to lapse into law because he did not sign it.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> The city was originally to be known as Balintawak City according to the first bill filed by Assemblyman Ramon P. Mitra Sr. from [[Mountain Province]], but Assemblymen [[Narciso Ramos]] and [[Eugenio Pérez|Eugenio Perez]], both from [[Pangasinan]], amended and successfully lobbied the assembly to name the city after the President in honor of his role in the creation of this new city.<ref name="QC-LGU-Ecological Profile">{{cite web |title=The Envisioned City of Quezon |date=January 8, 2021 |url=https://quezoncity.gov.ph/qc-profile/ecological-profile-2015/ |publisher=Quezon City Government |access-date=July 24, 2021 |archive-date=July 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724151544/https://quezoncity.gov.ph/qc-profile/ecological-profile-2015/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="QC-FASTFACTS-RAPPLER">{{cite web |title=FAST FACTS: Quezon City |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/fast-facts-quezon-city |last1=Bueza |first1=Michael |publisher=Rappler |date=October 12, 2013 |access-date=August 7, 2021 |archive-date=August 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807142313/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/fast-facts-quezon-city |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> The creation of Quezon City halted the full implementation of the Burnham Plan of Manila and funds were diverted for the establishment of the new capital.

Several barangays from different towns were carved out to correspond to the estates that PHC bought for the creation of Quezon City.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> The new city had an area of {{convert|7355|ha|km2}}, and the barrios and sitios that were taken for its creation were the following: Bagubantay (Bago Bantay), [[Balingasa]], Balintauac (Balintawak), Kaingin, Kangkong, Loma (La Loma), Malamig, Matalahib, Masambong, San Isidro, San Jose, Santol and [[Tatalon]], were taken from [[Caloocan]];<ref>{{cite web |title=Caloocan City History |url=https://caloocancity.gov.ph/26-about-us/298-history2 |publisher=Caloocan City Government |access-date=July 24, 2021 |archive-date=February 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214202349/https://caloocancity.gov.ph/26-about-us/298-history2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cubao, Diliman, Kamuning, New Manila, and [[San Francisco del Monte]] were taken from [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]]; Balara, [[Barangka|Barranca]] (Barangka), Jesus de la Peña, [[Krus na Ligas]], Tañong and the site of the new [[UP Campus, Quezon City|UP Campus]] were taken from [[Marikina]]; and, the barrios and sitios of Libis, and Ogong (Ugong Norte) from [[Pasig]].<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> Commonwealth Act No. 659, enacted on June 21, 1941, changed the city's boundaries.<ref name="CAN659">{{cite PH act|chamber=CA|number=659|title=An act to amend sections two, three, twelve, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-four, and twenty-seven of Commonwealth Act numbered five hundred and two, and inserting new sections therein, to be known as sections thirteen-A, twenty-one-A, twenty-one-B, twenty-one-C, twenty-one-D, twenty-one-E, twenty-one-F, A and twenty-one-G|url=https://lawlibrary.chanrobles.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67428:commonwealth-act-no--659&catid=92&Itemid=741|publisher=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library|date=June 21, 1941|access-date=February 21, 2024|archive-date=August 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826165250/https://lawlibrary.chanrobles.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67428:commonwealth-act-no--659&catid=92&Itemid=741|url-status=live}}</ref> Under this law, the area of [[Wack Wack Golf and Country Club]] were to be reverted to [[Mandaluyong]], and the barrios of lower Barranca and Jesus de la Peña were reverted to [[Marikina]]. However, [[Camp Crame]] was taken out of [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] and was given to Quezon City.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /><ref name="CAN659" />

1939, the year the city was established, recorded a population of 39,103 people. The city in its early days was predominantly rural, but Quezon asked American Architect William Parsons to craft a master plan for the newly created city.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> Parsons was the one who advised Quezon to locate the National Government Center in Diliman instead of Wallace Field (now [[Rizal Park]]), due to the possibility of naval bombardment from [[Manila Bay]].<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> He died in December 1939 and his partner Harry T. Frost took over and become the lead planner.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> Frost arrived in the Philippines on May 1, 1940, and became the architectural adviser of the Philippine Commonwealth government.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> Together with [[Juan M. Arellano]], Alpheus D. Williams, and Welton Becket, they created the [[Frost Plan|Master Plan for Quezon City]] which was approved by the Philippine government in 1941.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> The [[Frost Plan]] featured wide avenues, large open spaces, and [[roundabout]]s at major intersections.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> The plan for major thoroughfares made by Louis Croft for the Greater Manila Area served as the backbone for the Plan of Quezon City.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" /> The center of the city was a {{convert|400|ha|adj=on}} quadrangle formed by four avenues — [[North Avenue, Quezon City|North]], [[West Avenue, Quezon City|West]], [[Timog Avenue|South]] and [[East Avenue, Quezon City|East]] — which was designed to be the location of the National Government of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite map |author =  |title = Manila, Philippines map |trans-title =  |map =  |map-url =  |date = August 1945 |year =  |url = https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/13143272914 |scale =  |series =  |publisher = American Red Cross Service Bureau |cartography =  |page =  |pages =  |section =  |sections =  |inset =  |edition =  |location =  |language =  |format =  |isbn =  |id =  |access-date = April 25, 2021 |archive-date = October 17, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211017001834/https://www.flickr.com/photos/johntewell/13143272914 |url-status = live }}</ref> At the northeast corner of the Quadrangle was a large roundabout, a {{convert|25|ha|adj=on}} elliptical site, were the proposed Capitol Building is envisioned to rise.<ref name="CorruptioninQC" />

To make the city accessible, Quezon ordered Luzon Bus Lines to ply from Kamuning towards [[Tutuban Center|Tutuban]] in [[Divisoria]], Manila to provide transport for the city's residents. However, the fare was not affordable to minimum wage earners. Because of the city's unaffordable housing prices and lack of transportation for low-income earners, the goal of creating mass housing for the working class was not met. Instead, those who opted to live in Quezon City consisted of middle-class households such as those in Kamuning, whose residents petitioned to rename it from ''Barrio Obrero'' (Worker's Community) to Kamuning (a type of tree that grows abundantly in the area) because its residents were not ''Obreros'' (Workers).<ref name="CorruptioninQC" />