Editing Quiet Revolution (section)

==Nationalism==

The societal and economic innovations of the Quiet Revolution, which empowered Québec society, emboldened certain nationalists to push for political independence.<ref name="Dickinson Young 321">{{cite book |first1=John |last1=Dickinson |first2=Brian |last2=Young |title=A Short History of Quebec |url=https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofqu0000dick_z9p8 |url-access=registration |location=Montreal |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofqu0000dick_z9p8/page/321 321] }}</ref>
While visiting Montreal for [[Expo 67]], General {{lang|fr|[[Charles de Gaulle]]|italic=no}} proclaimed {{lang|fr|[[Vive le Québec libre!]]}} in [[Vive le Québec libre speech|a speech]] at Montreal City Hall, which gave the [[Quebec sovereigntism|Québec independence movement]] further public credibility. In 1968, the [[Quebec sovereigntism|sovereigntist]] {{lang|fr|[[Parti Québécois]]|italic=no}} was created, with {{lang|fr|[[René Lévesque]]|italic=no}} as its leader. A small faction of Marxist sovereignists began terrorist actions as the {{lang|fr|[[Front de libération du Québec]]|italic=no}}, the zenith of their activities being the 1970 [[October Crisis]], during which British diplomat [[James Cross]] as well as Labour Minister [[Pierre Laporte]] were both kidnapped by FLQ cells, with Laporte eventually being killed.<ref name="Dickinson Young 321" />

The {{lang|fr|Parti Québécois|italic=no}} twice led the Québécois people through unsuccessful referendums, the first in [[1980 Quebec referendum|1980]] on the question of political sovereignty with economic association to Canada (also known as [[Quebec sovereignty movement|sovereignty association]]),<ref name="Dickinson Young 327" /> and the second in [[1995 Quebec referendum|1995]] on full sovereignty.<ref name="Dickinson Young 354" />

In 1977, during their first term in office, the {{lang|fr|Parti Québécois|italic=no}} enacted the ''[[Charter of the French Language]]'', known more commonly as ''Bill 101'', whose goal is to protect the French language by making it the language of business in Québec, as well as restricting the use of English on signs. The bill also restricted the eligibility for elementary and high school students to attend school in English, allowing this only for children of parents who had studied in English in Québec. Children may also be eligible for English education if their parents or grandparents received a certain amount of English education outside of the province (ex. another Canadian province). Once a child has been permitted to attend an English primary or high school, the remaining children in that family are also granted access.<ref name="Dickinson Young 324" /> This bill still stands today, although many reforms have been made in an attempt to make it less harsh.