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Radiant barrier
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===Space exploration=== For the [[Apollo program]], NASA helped develop a thin aluminum foil that reflected 95% of the radiant heat.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2006/ch_9.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202131218/http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2006/ch_9.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-02-02|title=Technology Transfer|last=Hall|first=Loura|date=2016-09-15|work=NASA|access-date=2018-04-13|language=en}}</ref> A metalized film was used to protect spacecraft, equipment, and astronauts from thermal radiation or to retain heat in the extreme temperature fluctuations of space.<ref name=":1" /> The aluminum was vacuum-coated to a thin film and applied to the base of the Apollo landing vehicles. It was also used in numerous other NASA projects like the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] and [[Skylab]]. In the vacuum of [[outer space]], where temperatures can range from {{convert|-400|to|250|F|-1}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2004/ch_6.html|title=Technology Transfer|last=Hall|first=Loura|date=2016-09-15|work=NASA|access-date=2018-04-13|language=en|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050106195834/http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2004/ch_6.html |archivedate=6 January 2005 }}</ref> heat transfer is only by radiation, so a radiant barrier is much more effective than it is on earth, where 5% to 45% of the heat transfer can still occur via convection and conduction, even when an effective radiant barrier is deployed. Radiant barrier<ref name=":2" /> is a [[Space Foundation]] Certified Space Technology(TM). Radiant barrier was inducted into the [[Space Technology Hall of Fame]] in 1996.
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