Editing Radical transparency (section)

=== Radical political transparency===
Heemsbergen<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heemsbergen |first1=Luke |title=Radical Transparency and Digital Democracy |date=2021 |publisher=Emerald |location=London |doi=10.1108/9781800437623 |isbn=9781800437623 |url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/publication/doi/10.1108/9781800437623 |access-date=2022-04-05 |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817085055/https://books.emeraldinsight.com/page/detail/Radical-transparency-and-digital-democracy/?k=9781800437630 |url-status=live }}</ref> argues that radical political transparency consists of actors outside of the structures of government, using new media forms, to disclose secrets to the public in ways that were previously unavailable and that create new expectations around how information should be used to govern. A prominent example of these evolutions of democracy was seen in the creation of ''[[Hansard]]'' in parliaments of the [[Westminster system]], which started in pirate markets of pamphleteers illegally sharing the 'secrets' of what was said in British Parliament.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hansard |first1=Thomas |title=Hansard's parliamentary history vol. xvii A.D. 1771–74. In Appendix to, Memoir of Brass Crosby, esq. alderman of the city of London, and Lord Mayor 1770–1771 |date=1829 |publisher=R. Jennings |location=London}}</ref> ''[[Hansard]]'' is now institutionalised in many parliaments, with full records of discussions in parliament recorded and published, while the texts of proposed laws and final laws are all, in principle, public documents.

Since the late 1990s, many national parliaments decided to publish all parliamentary debates and laws on the Internet. However, the initial texts of proposed laws and the discussions and negotiations regarding them generally occur in parliamentary commissions, which are rarely transparent, and among [[political party|political parties]], which are very rarely transparent. Moreover, given the logical and linguistic complexity of typical national laws, public [[participation (decision making)|participation]] is difficult despite the radical transparency at the formal parliamentary level.

Radical transparency has also been suggested in the context of government finance and public economics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.davidbrin.com/radicaltransparency.html|title=Radical Transparency|author=David Brin|accessdate=January 16, 2015|archive-date=January 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117000621/http://www.davidbrin.com/radicaltransparency.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In Missed Information,<ref>{{Cite book |isbn = 978-0262034920|title = Missed Information: Better Information for Building a Wealthier, More Sustainable Future|last1 = Sarokin|first1 = David|last2 = Schulkin|first2 = Jay|date = 2016-08-26}}</ref> Sarokin and Schulkin take the concept even further, advocating for ''hypertransparency'' of government decision-making, a situation where all internal records, emails, meeting minutes and other internal information is proactively available to the public. Hypertransparency reverses the current Freedom of Information model of access only upon request, instead making all information available by default unless withheld for limited exemptions such as personal information or national security.