Editing Ramesses V (section)

==Death==
The circumstances of Ramesses V's death are unknown but it is known he had a reign of almost four full years.<ref>[[Peter A. Clayton|Clayton, Peter]]; Chronology of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd, (1994), p. 167.</ref> He died in his 4th Regnal Year around the time interval between the first and second month of [[Season of the Emergence|Peret]].<ref>Jürgen von Beckerath, Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, (1997), pp. 201-202.</ref>

===Burial===
An [[ostracon]] records that this king was only buried in Year 2 of [[Ramesses VI]], his successor, which was highly irregular since Egyptian tradition required a king to be mummified and buried precisely 70 days into the reign of his successor.<ref>Clayton, p. 167.</ref> 
[[File:Ramses V mummy head.png|thumb|right|200px|Ramesses V's mummified head.]]
However, another reason for the much delayed burial of Ramesses V in Year 2, second month of [[Season of the Inundation|Akhet]] day 1 of Ramesses VI's reign (see KRI, VI, 343) may have been connected with Ramesses VI's need "to clear out any Libyans [invaders] from Thebes and to provide a temporary tomb for Ramesses V until plans for a double burial within tomb KV9 could be put into effect."<ref name="Peden, p.21"/> Moreover, a Theban work journal (''P. Turin'' 1923) dated to Year 2 of Ramesses VI's reign shows that a period of normality had returned to the Theban West Bank by this time.<ref name="Peden, p.21"/>

===Mummy===
The [[mummy]] of Ramesses V was recovered in 1898 by Victor Loret in KV35.<ref>CG61085; JE34566.</ref> It was unwrapped and examined by G.E. Smith in 1905, and showed a body full of disease. Smith described him as a young man, Ikram and Dodson suggest he died in his early thirties.

====Smallpox====
One theory is that he may have suffered and subsequently died from [[smallpox]] (VARV), due to lesions found on his face. If true, he is thought to be one of the earliest known victims of the disease.<ref>[[Erik Hornung|Hornung, Erik]]; "The Pharaoh" [https://books.google.com/books?id=c2xMevXgotsC&dq=death+%22Ramesses+V%22+smallpox&pg=PA292 p. 292]. in ''The Egyptians'' (ed.) [[Sergio Donadoni]] and Robert Bianchi, University of Chicago Press, 1997.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hopkins|first=Donald R.|author-link=Donald Hopkins|url=https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/202495/WH_1980_May_p22-26_eng.pdf|title=Ramses V: earliest know victim?|journal=World Health|pages=22–26|date=May 1980}}</ref>

{{Overly detailed|section|date=May 2020}}
While a 2016 discovery has found that the shared ancestral form of modern smallpox dates back to 1580 AD, this study merely indicates that the strains of smallpox circulating at the time of smallpox eradication had a common ancestor in the late 16th century, specifically that "the VARV lineages eradicated during the 20th century had only been in existence for ~200 years, at a time of rapidly expanding human movement and population size in the face of increasingly widespread inoculation and vaccination." Indeed, they say merely about ancient cases of smallpox that "if they were indeed due to smallpox, these early cases were caused by virus lineages that were no longer circulating at the point of eradication in the 1970s."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duggan|first1=Ana T.|last2=Perdomo|first2=Maria F.|last3=Piombino-Mascali|first3=Dario|last4=Marciniak|first4=Stephanie|last5=Poinar|first5=Debi|last6=Emery|first6=Matthew V.|last7=Buchmann|first7=Jan P.|last8=Duchêne|first8=Sebastian|last9=Jankauskas|first9=Rimantas|last10=Humphreys|first10=Margaret|last11=Golding|first11=G. Brian|last12=Southon|first12=John|last13=Devault|first13=Alison|last14=Rouillard|first14=Jean-Marie|last15=Sahl|first15=Jason W.|last16=Dutour|first16=Olivier|last17=Hedman|first17=Klaus|last18=Sajantila|first18=Antti|last19=Smith|first19=Geoffrey L.|last20=Holmes|first20=Edward C.|last21=Poinar|first21=Hendrik N.|title=17th Century Variola Virus Reveals the Recent History of Smallpox|journal=Current Biology|date=19 December 2016|volume=26|issue=24|pages=3407–3412|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.061|pmid=27939314|pmc=5196022}}</ref> The advent of vaccination, or variolation in China and Japan during the middle ages, could have altered the relative presence of smallpox strains and diminished the presence of ancient strains.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/blaw/bt/smallpox/who/red-book/Chp%2006.pdf|title=Early Efforts at Control: Variolation, Vaccination, and Isolation and Quarantine|orig-year=2004|year=2006|chapter=6|page=245-275}}</ref>

A 2015 review summarizing recent research into the question of smallpox evolution and divergence from its common ancestors suggests it is most likely that smallpox evolved 3000–4000 years ago in East Africa or India, which is not inherently contradicted by the study described<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Babkin|first1=Igor|last2=Babkina|first2=Irina|title=The Origin of the Variola Virus|journal=Viruses|date=10 March 2015|volume=7|issue=3|pages=1100–1112|doi=10.3390/v7031100|pmid=25763864|pmc=4379562|doi-access=free}}</ref> the latter of which contains descriptions of smallpox from before the first century AD at least. Finally, another genomic analysis places the evolution of smallpox at 16,000 years before present, and mentions Ramses V: "if the pustular eruption of Ramses V was from smallpox, it could represent a smallpox outbreak from imported cases... rather than regional endemic disease. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that only three mummies in that period had similar lesions."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Y.|last2=Carroll|first2=D. S.|last3=Gardner|first3=S. N.|last4=Walsh|first4=M. C.|last5=Vitalis|first5=E. A.|last6=Damon|first6=I. K.|title=On the origin of smallpox: Correlating variola phylogenics with historical smallpox records|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=27 September 2007|volume=104|issue=40|pages=15787–15792|doi=10.1073/pnas.0609268104|pmid=17901212|pmc=2000395|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>Forni et al., Microbial Genomics 2023;9:000932 {{doi|10.1099/mgen.0.000932}}.</ref>

====Bubonic Plague====
Another theory is bubons in his groin, usually associated with the [[bubonic plague]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://melissaindenile.com/2021/07/26/mummy-monday-ramesses-v/|title=Mummy Monday: Ramesses V|date=26 July 2021|access-date=11 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919225036/https://melissaindenile.com/2021/07/26/mummy-monday-ramesses-v/|archive-date=19 September 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://anubis4_2000.tripod.com/mummypages2/20A.htm XX'th Dynasty Gallery I] Retrieved 28 October 2024.</ref>