Editing Ratramnus (section)

==Filioque==
Late in Ratramnus’ life, he responded to the [[Photian schism]] of 863-7 between [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern]] and [[Western Christianity]] over the appointment of [[Photius]] as [[Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]. This wide-ranging controversy spanned various East-West disagreements, such as the appointment of the patriarch, ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Bulgaria, and the Western addition of ''[[filioque]]'' to the [[Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed]]. Ratramnus’ defense of Western theology and practice in his ''Against the Objections of the Greeks who Slandered the Roman Church'',<ref>PL 121:223-346.</ref> is largely occupied with proving the ''filioque'', although the final section of the work deals with other disagreements, such as the monastic [[tonsure]] and [[priestly celibacy]].<ref>McCracken, ''Early Medieval Theology'', 109-10.</ref>