Editing Red Cloud (section)

===Treaty of 1868===
[[File:New York City - the Sioux Chief, Red Cloud, in the Great Hall of the Cooper Institute, surrounded by the Indian delegation of braves and squaws, addressing a New York audience on the wrongs LCCN93511308 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Original caption: “Red Cloud, in the Great Hall of the [[Cooper Union|Cooper Institute]], surrounded by the Indian delegation of braves and squaws [sic], addressing a New York audience on the wrongs done to his people”]]
The treaty established the [[Great Sioux Reservation]], covering the territory of West River, west of the Missouri River in present-day Nebraska (which had been admitted as a state in 1867), and including parts of South Dakota. Uneasy relations between the expanding United States and the natives continued. In 1870, Red Cloud visited Washington D.C. and met with Commissioner of Indian Affairs [[Ely S. Parker]] (a [[Seneca nation|Seneca]] and U.S. Army General), and President [[Ulysses S. Grant]].

In 1871, the government established the [[Red Cloud Agency]] on the [[Platte River]], downstream from [[Fort Laramie]]. By 1874 it had been moved to Nebraska, with [[Fort Robinson]] located nearby. Red Cloud took his band to the agency (a predecessor of the [[Indian reservation|Native American reservation]]), ready to receive government aid. Yet that aid was usually less than stipulated, and usually inferior in quality.<ref name="mj">{{cite book |last1=Jaffe |first1=Mark |title=The Gilded Dinosaur: The Fossil War between E.D. Cope and O.C. Marsh and the Rise of American Science |date=2000 |publisher=Three Rivers Press |location=New York |isbn=9780609807057 |pages=116–120}}</ref>

According to Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa) Red Cloud  was the last to sign "..having refused to do so until all of the forts within their territory should be vacated. All of his demands were acceded to, the new road abandoned, the garrisons withdrawn, and the new treaty distinctly stated that the Black Hills and the Big Horn were Indian countries, set apart for their perpetual occupancy and that no white man should enter that region without the consent of the Sioux. ... Scarcely was this treaty signed, however, when gold was discovered in the Black Hills, and the popular cry was: "Remove the Indians!"... The government, at first, entered some small protest, just enough to "save its face"... but there was no serious attempt to prevent the wholesale violation of the treaty and the loss of the Black Hills."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/336|title=Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains|first=Charles A.|last=Eastman|date=July 5, 2008|via=[[Project Gutenberg]]}}</ref>