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Red Hand Defenders
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===Timeline=== ====1998==== *5 Sep: The RHD claimed responsibility for a blast bomb attack during a riot on Charles Street, [[Portadown]]. A Catholic [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]] (RUC) officer was wounded and died on 6 October 1998.<ref name=cain98>[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch98.htm Chronology of the Conflict: 1998] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416033514/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch98.htm |date=16 April 2011 }}, [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN)</ref> *31 Oct: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he walked along Alliance Avenue, [[Belfast]].<ref name=cain98/> *17 Dec: The RHD claimed responsibility for a blast bomb attack on a pub on Ballyganniff Road near [[Crumlin, County Antrim|Crumlin]], County Antrim.<ref name=cain98/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.rte.ie/news/1998/1217/blast.html?view=print | publisher=RTÉ News | title=RUC investigating blast in Antrim | date=1998-12-17}}</ref> ====1999==== *26 Jan: The RHD claimed responsibility for an attempted [[pipe bomb]] attack on the home of a Catholic family near [[Carrickfergus]]. The family lived in a mainly Protestant estate. It failed to explode.<ref name=cain99>[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch99.htm Chronology of the Conflict: 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514134030/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch99.htm |date=14 May 2011 }}, [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN)</ref> *28 Jan: The RHD claimed responsibility for a pipe bomb attack on the home of a Catholic family in [[Dungannon]].<ref name=cain99/> *2 Feb: There was a grenade attack on St Joseph's Catholic Church in [[Antrim, County Antrim|Antrim]]. It is believed the RHD were responsible.<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/cases/rosemary/appendixg.html Loyalist Attacks from 1 January 1999 – 30 April 1999] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195111/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/cases/rosemary/appendixg.html |date=22 July 2011 }}. [[Pat Finucane Centre]]</ref> *24 Feb: The RHD claimed responsibility for a pipe bomb attack on a house in Rosapenna Street, Belfast. The pipe bomb was found in the back garden of the house, which was beside a [[Peace lines|peace line]].<ref name=cain99/> *15 Mar: The RHD claimed responsibility for killing Catholic human rights lawyer Rosemary Nelson. A booby-trap bomb exploded under her car in [[Lurgan]].<ref name=cain99/> *31 Mar: The RHD claimed responsibility for an attempted pipe bomb attack on the car of a Catholic civilian in Dungannon. It failed to explode.<ref name=cain99/> *31 Mar: The RHD claimed responsibility for an attempted pipe bomb attack on a house on Gray's Lane, Belfast. It was made safe by the British Army.<ref name=cain99/> *19 Apr: The RHD claimed responsibility for an attempted pipe bomb attack on the home of a Catholic family on Serpentine Park, Belfast. It failed to explode.<ref name=cain99/> *21 May: Shots were fired at a Catholic youth worker as he escorted a Protestant girl to her home on Shankill Road, Belfast. He claimed that he had been threatened by RUC officers six months earlier. He claimed the officers wanted information on IRA members otherwise he would be killed by the RHD. The RUC denied the claims.<ref name=cain99/> *5 June: A Protestant civilian was killed in a pipe bomb attack on her home at Corcrain Drive, Portadown. It was thrown through the window and exploded as she tried to take it outside. She was married to a Catholic man and lived in a mainly Protestant area. A blast bomb also exploded at another Catholic-owned home nearby. The RHD<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=199906050002|title=Incident Summary for GTDID: 199906050002|access-date=30 January 2015}}</ref> and the LVF were blamed but the LVF denied responsibility.<ref>[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch99.htm A Chronology of the Conflict: 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514134030/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch99.htm |date=14 May 2011 }} – ''[[Conflict Archive on the Internet]]''</ref> *7 June: A pipe bomb was found and defused outside St Mary's (Catholic) primary school in [[Ballymena]]. It is believed that the RHD were responsible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=199906070002|title=Incident Summary for GTDID: 199906070002|access-date=30 January 2015}}</ref> *4 Oct: The RHD claimed responsibility for throwing a pipe bomb at a Catholic taxi driver as he drove through the Peter's Hill area of Belfast. It failed to explode.<ref name=cain99/> *15 Oct: The RHD claimed responsibility for planting a hoax bomb at a Catholic-owned house in north Belfast. A family member said, "It's just to try and intimidate Catholics out of the area".<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/octatt.html Sectarian attacks: October 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195132/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/octatt.html |date=22 July 2011 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *27 Oct: The RHD claimed responsibility for planting a pipe bomb at the home of a republican in west Belfast. It failed to explode.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1999/oct/31/northernireland.theobserver | work=The Guardian| title='Demon pastors' are humbled | date=1999-10-31 | location=London}}</ref> ====2001==== *24 Jan: The RHD claimed responsibility for firing shots at the home of prominent republican Martin Óg Meehan (son of [[Sinn Féin]] MLA [[Martin Meehan (Irish republican)|Martin Meehan]]) in Ardoyne, Belfast.<ref name="jan01">[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/jan01att.html Sectarian attacks: January 2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065015/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/jan01att.html |date=24 September 2015 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> On 29 Jan it claimed responsibility for firing shots at the home of Martin Óg Meehan's brother on the same street.<ref name="jan01"/> *5 Feb: The RHD claimed responsibility for an attempted pipe bomb attack on the home of a Catholic family in Ardoyne, Belfast. The man who lived there was a former republican prisoner. It failed to explode.<ref name=cain01>[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch01.htm Chronology of the Conflict: 2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160514124806/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch01.htm |date=14 May 2016 }}, [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN)</ref> *19 Jun: The RHD issued a death threat to husband and wife Sinn Féin councillors Breige and Martin Meehan.<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/june01att.html Sectarian attacks: June 2001] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065027/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/june01att.html |date=24 September 2015 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *4 Jul: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he waited for a lift to work in [[Antrim, County Antrim|Antrim]]. The attack was a [[drive-by shooting]] by gunmen on a motorbike. In a call to a newspaper, a RHD spokesman said the teenager had been shot in "direct response to the Catholic people of Antrim voting in two Sinn Féin [councillors]. They are going to have to pay the price for it. God Save Ulster".<ref name=cain01/><ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/july01atta.html Sectarian attacks: July 2001 part 1] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232754/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/july01atta.html |date=3 March 2016 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *20 Jul: The RHD claimed responsibility for firing shots into Ashton Community Centre in the nationalist Ardoyne area of Belfast. There were staff and children inside at the time. In a statement, the RHD said: "all nationalist people [are] hostile and legitimate targets".<ref name="jul01.2">[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/july01attb.html Sectarian attacks: July 2001 part 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195244/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/july01attb.html |date=22 July 2011 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *29 Jul: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Protestant civilian as he stood outside St Enda's [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA) club in [[Newtownabbey]]. The attack was a drive-by shooting on a group of people. Brett was hit by automatic fire as he stood with his Catholic friends.<ref name=cain01/> *30 Jul: The RHD claimed responsibility for two pipe bombs that exploded outside the Golden Thread theatre at a community centre in north Belfast. Over 250 people were watching a youth theatre production inside. One woman was hospitalized for shock.<ref name="jul01.2"/> *22 Aug: The RHD claimed responsibility for a string of bomb alerts across Northern Ireland. A suspect device was found under a van in [[Armagh]]; a pipe bomb was found at a Sinn Féin office in [[Cookstown]]; a pipe bomb was found at a GAA club in [[Garvagh]]; and a pipe bomb exploded at a GAA club in [[Gulladuff]].<ref name=cain01/> *23 Aug: The RHD claimed responsibility for two pipe bomb attacks on the home of a Catholic family at Deerpark Parade, Belfast. It also claimed responsibility for an attempted pipe bomb attack on a GAA club in [[Desertmartin]].<ref name=cain01/> *28 Aug: The RHD claimed responsibility for an attempted car bomb attack in the middle of [[Ballycastle, County Antrim|Ballycastle]]. Thousands of people were in the town to celebrate the yearly ''Auld Lammas Fair''. The bomb was found by the RUC and defused by the British Army.<ref name=cain01/> *29 Aug: The RHD claimed responsibility for two pipe bomb attacks on the home of a Catholic family in [[Ballynahinch, County Down|Ballynahinch]]. It also claimed to have left bombs at five pubs in Belfast and a pub and hotel in Ballycastle.<ref name=cain01/><ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/aug01att.html Sectarian attacks: August 2001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195249/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/aug01att.html |date=22 July 2011 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *30 Aug: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting a man in [[Coalisland]].<ref name=cain01/> *5 Sep: The RHD claimed responsibility for throwing a blast bomb at a group of Catholic schoolchildren as they walked to Holy Cross Primary School on Ardoyne Road, Belfast. Local loyalists had been protesting outside the school for the past three days. Four RUC officers and a civilian were injured. The next day, it was announced that the RHD had threatened to kill the parents if they tried to bring their children to the school.<ref name=cain01/> See [[Holy Cross dispute]] for more information. *15 Sep: The RHD claimed responsibility for firing shots at a Catholic taxi driver as he drove through Parkmount Terrace, Belfast. The shots hit the car but missed the driver.<ref name=cain01/> *28 Sep: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead Catholic journalist Martin O'Hagan as he walked near his home in Lurgan. He worked for the ''[[Sunday World]]'' newspaper. The RUC Chief Constable said he believed that it was carried-out by members of the LVF, which was then on ceasefire. O'Hagan had written stories about LVF activities and had been threatened by loyalists a number of times. The RHD statement said that he had been killed "for crimes against the loyalist people".<ref name=cain01/><ref>{{cite news |last=Sharrock |first=David |title=Ceasefire endangered by journalist's murder |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |date=12 October 2001 |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A78774962/STND?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=79c5b692 |access-date=2024-04-26 |url-access=subscription <!--dead-url(no iarchive)=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/10/01/nuls01.xml --> }}</ref> *1 Oct: The RHD claimed responsibility for planting a bomb outside the home of republican [[Eddie Copeland]] in Ardoyne, Belfast.<ref name="heathwood01">[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/heathwood/static/2001.html Peter Heathwood Collection of television programs: 2001]. [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN).</ref> *3 Dec: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in a car on Upper Crumlin Road, Belfast.<ref name=cain01/> *12 Dec: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead former UDA member [[William Stobie]] outside his home on Forthriver Road, Belfast. It was claimed he was an informer.<ref name=cain01/> *18 Dec: The RHD claimed responsibility for attempting to shoot a Catholic man at Brompton Park, Belfast. He ran off before the gun could be fired. He had recently been warned that his name was on a loyalist death list.<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/dec01batt.html Sectarian attacks: December 2001] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195306/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/dec01batt.html |date=22 July 2011 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> ====2002==== *6 Jan: The RHD claimed responsibility for a pipe bomb attack on the home of a prison officer at Westway Park, Belfast. The man's wife and daughter were wounded. The RHD said it was in response to the alleged harassment of loyalist prisoners in Maghaberry Prison.<ref name=cain02>[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch02.htm Chronology of the Conflict: 2002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806141019/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch02.htm |date=6 August 2011 }}, [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN)</ref> *11 Jan: The RHD issued a death threat against all teachers and staff working at Catholic schools in north Belfast.<ref name=cain02/> *12 Jan: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he arrived for work at a postal sorting office in [[Newtownabbey]]. It also issued a statement saying that all Catholic postal workers were now "legitimate targets". However, the UDA later admitted that its members had been involved in the killing.<ref name=cain02/> *15 Jan: The UDA/UFF called for the RHD to stand down within fourteen days.<ref name=cain02/> *17 Apr: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he sat in his taxi in [[Donaghmore, County Tyrone|Donaghmore]], County Tyrone.<ref name="heathwood02">[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/heathwood/static/2002.html Peter Heathwood Collection of television programs: 2002]. [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/violence/deaths2002draft.htm|title=CAIN: Issues: Violence – Draft List of Deaths Related to the Conflict in 2002|access-date=30 January 2015|archive-date=6 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206170716/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/violence/deaths2002draft.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> *26 Apr: The RHD claimed responsibility for a [[nail bomb]] attack on the home of a Sinn Féin councillor.<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/apr02att.html Sectarian attacks: April 2002] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064953/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/apr02att.html |date=24 September 2015 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *22 Jul: The RHD claimed responsibility for shooting dead a Catholic civilian as he walked home on Floral Road, Belfast. Earlier in the evening, a Protestant had been shot and wounded on Alliance Avenue. The RHD said the killing of Lawlor was a "measured response" to that attack. However, the UDA/UFF later admitted that its members had been involved in the killing.<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/july02att.html Sectarian attacks: July 2002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065025/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/july02att.html |date=24 September 2015 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *4 Aug: The RHD issued a death threat against Catholic workers at the Mater Hospital in Belfast and Ulster Hospital in [[Dundonald, County Down|Dundonald]].<ref name="aug02">[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/aug02att.html Sectarian attacks: August 2002] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065005/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/aug02att.html |date=24 September 2015 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *20 Aug: In a statement to a newspaper, the RHD threatened that "if there is one more brick thrown by Catholics at houses in Glenbryn, every resident on the upper half of Alliance Avenue will be forcibly removed from their homes".<ref name="aug02"/> *24 Oct: The RHD claimed responsibility for throwing a pipe bomb into the back yard of a Catholic-owned home on Alliance Avenue, Belfast. It claimed the man who lived there was a "senior republican".<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/oct02att.html Sectarian attacks: October 2002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195343/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/oct02att.html |date=22 July 2011 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> *19 Dec: The RHD claimed responsibility for throwing a pipe bomb at the home of a Catholic family in north Belfast.<ref name="heathwood02"/> ====2003==== *6 Jan: The RHD claimed responsibility for planting a pipe bomb at the gates of Holy Cross Catholic Primary School in Belfast. It warned the school to shut permanently within one week.<ref name="heathwood03">[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/heathwood/static/2003.html Peter Heathwood Collection of television programs: 2003]. [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN).</ref> *19 May: The RHD claimed responsibility for planting an explosive device outside a [[Republican Sinn Féin]] office in west Belfast. It was defused by the British Army.<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/may03att.html Sectarian attacks: May 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195355/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/may03att.html |date=22 July 2011 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/3043017.stm "Loyalists admit bomb attack"]. BBC News. 20 May 2003.</ref> *11 Nov: The RHD claimed responsibility for planting an explosive device outside a Catholic-owned house in north Belfast. It said it was targeting a spokesperson for the Parents of Holy Cross Primary School.<ref>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/nov03att.html Sectarian attacks: November 2003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195406/http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/archive/sattacks/nov03att.html |date=22 July 2011 }}. Pat Finucane Centre</ref> ====2005==== *13 Feb: The RHD claimed responsibility for killing a Catholic civilian. He was found unconscious with head wounds on Jamaica Road, Belfast. However, it is not certain if the RHD were responsible as no code-word was given when the claim was made.<ref>[http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/violence/deaths2005draft.htm Draft list of deaths related to the conflict in 2005], [[Conflict Archive on the Internet]] (CAIN)</ref> ====2006==== *4 Mar: The RHD claimed responsibility for the attempted killing of a taxi driver in north Belfast. A man who got into the taxi pressed a handgun to the driver's head and pulled the trigger, but the gun jammed and he managed to flee.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/4777804.stm | publisher=BBC News | title=Loyalist group admits taxi attack | date=2006-03-06}}</ref> ====2013==== *21 May: Four men linked with the Red Hand Defenders were jailed for two years and eight months for sending death threats to a couple in [[County Armagh]] back in February and March 2011. The loyalist gang demanded £15,000 from the couple and threatened paramilitary attacks if the couple did not pay them, but were arrested shortly after receiving £5,000 from the couple in [[Portadown]].<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-22609775 | publisher=BBC News | title=Four men jailed over 'Red Hand Defenders' blackmail plot | date=21 May 2013}}</ref> *6 September: RHD reportedly threatened attacks on Catholic schools in North Belfast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.u.tv/News/Paramilitary-threat-to-Belfast-schools/a1dcbc78-fe5e-4c04-8c34-b2d865ea0a0b|title=Paramilitary threat to Belfast schools|work=u.tv|access-date=30 January 2015}}</ref>
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