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Reflective equilibrium
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==Relation to constructivism== {{See also|Constructivism (psychological school)|Constructivist epistemology}} [[Kai Nielsen (philosopher)|Kai Nielsen]] has asserted that "philosophers who are defenders of reflective equilibrium are also ''[[Constructivism (psychological school)|constructivists]]''", in response to what he considered to be the misconception that reflective equilibrium works with some necessarily preexisting coherent system of moral beliefs and practices:<ref name="Nielsen">{{cite book |last=Nielsen |first=Kai |author-link=Kai Nielsen (philosopher) |date=1996 |chapter=Preface |title=Naturalism without foundations |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/naturalismwithou0000niel |chapter-url-access=registration |series=Prometheus lectures |location=Amherst, NY |publisher=[[Prometheus Books]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/naturalismwithou0000niel/page/9 9–22] |isbn=978-1573920766 |oclc=34798014}}</ref> {{Quote|The pattern of consistent beliefs, including very centrally moral beliefs, is not a structure to be discovered or unearthed, as if it were analogous to the deep underlying "depth grammar" of language (if indeed there is any such a thing), but something to be ''forged''—constructed—by a careful and resolute use of the method of reflective equilibrium. We start from our considered judgments (convictions), however culturally and historically skewed. This involves—indeed, inescapably involves—seeing things by our own lights. Where else could we start? We can hardly jump out of our cultural and historical skins.<ref name="Nielsen"/>}}
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