Editing Reserve power (section)

====Australia====
While the reserve power to dismiss a government has not been used in the United Kingdom since 1834, this power has been exercised more recently in Australia, on two occasions:
# On 13 May 1932, when the [[Governor of New South Wales]] [[Philip Game|Sir Philip Game]] [[Lang Dismissal Crisis|dismissed the Government of New South Wales]].
# On 11 November 1975, when the [[Governor-General of Australia]] [[John Kerr (governor-general)|Sir John Kerr]] [[1975 Australian constitutional crisis|dismissed the Commonwealth Government]].

In both cases an election was held very soon afterwards and, again in both cases, the dismissed government was massively defeated by [[Direct election|popular vote]].

In Queensland in 1987, during a tense period of leadership succession, the [[Governor of Queensland]], [[Walter Campbell (judge)|Sir Walter Campbell]], exercised reserve power in declining to follow the advice of the [[Premier of Queensland|Premier]], Sir [[Joh Bjelke-Petersen]].  Campbell initially refused to redistribute ministerial portfolios on the sole advice of the premier, who lacked the confidence of his cabinet.  Subsequently, during a period when Queensland had a "Premier who is not leader" and the governing party had a "Leader who is not Premier",<ref>[[Peter Bowers (Australian journalist)|Peter Bowers]] and Greg Roberts, ‘Ahern leads, but Joh rules’, Sydney Morning Herald, 27 November 1987. Cited in Geoff Barlow & JF Corkery, "Sir Walter Campbell Queensland Governor and his role in Premier Joh Bjelke-Petersen's resignation, 1987", 23. Owen Dixon Society eJournal (Gold Coast, Queensland: Bond University, 2007)</ref> there was speculation on the potential exercise of vice-regal reserve power by Campbell, in dismissing the premier in the absence of a parliamentary [[motion of no confidence]].  Ultimately, Campbell was praised for his handling of the undesirable situation.<ref>Barlow & Corkery "Sir Walter Campbell", 28-29</ref>

These are among several exercises of the reserve powers in Australia in the 20th century at state and federal levels.<ref>[[H. V. Evatt]], ''The King and His Dominion Governors'', 1936; 2nd ed., introduction by [[Zelman Cowen]], 1967; 3rd ed., introduction by [[Eugene Forsey]], in ''Evatt and Forsey on the reserve powers'', ed. by [[George Winterton]], 1990. [[Donald Markwell]], ''The Crown and Australia'', University of London, 1987 - {{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/content/1/c6/01/65/70/DMarkwell.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-02-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225161729/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/content/1/c6/01/65/70/DMarkwell.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-25 }}. [[Donald Markwell]], "Griffith, Barton and the early governor-generals: aspects of Australia's constitutional development", ''Public Law Review'', 1999.</ref>