Editing Rigging (section)

===Standing===
{{Main|Standing rigging}}
[[Standing rigging]] is cordage which is fixed in position. Standing rigging is almost always between a mast and the [[Deck (ship)|deck]], using [[Tension (physics)|tension]] to hold the mast firmly in place. Due to its role, standing rigging is now most commonly made of steel cable.  It was historically made of the same materials as running rigging, only coated in tar for added strength and protection from the elements.<ref name = Ward>
{{cite book
 | last = Ward
 | first = Aaron
 | title = Text-book of Seamanship: The Equipping and Handling of Vessels Under Sail Or Steam. For the Use of the United States Naval Academy
 | publisher = D. Van Nostrand
 | date = 1884
 | pages = 673
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cS_QAAAAMAAJ&q=standing+rigging&pg=PA96 }}</ref>

====Fore-and-aft rigged vessels====
{{Main| Fore-and-aft rig}}
Most fore-and-aft rigged vessels have the following types of standing rigging: 
a [[forestay]], a [[backstay]], and upper and lower [[Shroud (sailing)|shrouds]] (side stays).
Less common rigging configurations are diamond stays and jumpers. Both of these are used to keep a thin mast in column especially under the load of a large down wind sail or in strong wind.
Rigging parts include [[swageless terminal]]s, [[swage terminal]]s, shackle toggle terminals and fail-safe wire rigging insulators.<ref name = Skipper>
{{cite book
 | last = Westerhuis
 | first = Rene
 | title = Skipper's Mast and Rigging Guide
 | publisher = Bloomsbury
 | series = Adlard Coles Nautical
 | date = 2013
 | location = London
 | page = 5
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oRV8AAAAQBAJ&q=standing+rigging&pg=PA5
 | isbn = 9781472901491 }}</ref>

====Square-rigged vessels====
{{Main|Square rig}}
Whereas 20th-century square-rigged vessels were constructed of steel with steel standing rigging, prior vessels used wood masts with hemp-fiber standing rigging. As rigs became taller by the end of the 19th century, masts relied more heavily on successive spars, stepped one atop the other to form the whole, from bottom to top: the ''lower mast'', ''top mast'', and ''topgallant mast''. This construction relies heavily on support by a complex array of stays and shrouds. Each stay in either the fore-and-aft or athwartships direction has a corresponding one in the opposite direction providing counter-tension. Fore-and-aft the system of tensioning start with the stays that are anchored in front of each mast. Shrouds are tensioned by pairs of [[deadeye]]s, circular blocks that have the large-diameter line run around them, whilst multiple holes allow smaller line—''lanyards''—to pass multiple times between the two and thereby allow tensioning of the shroud. In addition to overlapping the mast below, the top mast and topgallant mast are supported laterally by shrouds that pass around either a platform, called a "[[Top (sailing ship)|top]]", or cross-wise beams, called "[[crosstrees]]". Each additional mast segment is supported fore and aft by a series of stays that lead forward. These lines are countered in tension by backstays, which are secured along the sides of the vessel behind the shrouds.<ref name = Wolfram>
{{cite book
 | last = zu Mondfeld
 | first = Wolfram 
 | title = Historic Ship Models
 | publisher = Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
 | date = 2005
 | pages = 352
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5nrXLkfLBGcC&q=standing+rigging&pg=PA270
 | isbn = 9781402721861 }}</ref>