Editing Rodolfo Graziani (section)

===Ethiopia===
[[File: Viceroy Graziani 1937 (retouched).jpg |thumb|left|Graziani in Ethiopia, 1937.]]
During the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]] in 1935 and 1936, Graziani was the commander of the southern front. His army invaded [[Ethiopia]] from [[Italian Somaliland]] and he commanded the Italian forces at the battles of [[Battle of Genale Doria|Genale Doria]] and the [[Battle of the Ogaden|Ogaden]]. However, Graziani's efforts in the south were secondary to the main invasion launched from [[Eritrea]] by ''Generale'' [[Emilio De Bono]], later continued by [[Marshal of Italy]] [[Pietro Badoglio]]. It was Badoglio and not Graziani who entered [[Addis Ababa]] in triumph after his "[[March of the Iron Will]]". But it was Graziani who said: "The ''[[Duce]]'' will have Ethiopia, with or without the Ethiopians."

Addis Ababa fell to Badoglio on 5 May 1936. Graziani had wanted to reach [[Harar]] before Badoglio reached Addis Ababa, but failed to do so. Even so, on 9 May, Graziani was rewarded for his role as commander of the southern front with a promotion to the rank of Marshal of Italy. During his tour of an [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodox]] church in Dire Dawa, Graziani fell into a pit covered by an ornate carpet, a trap that he believed had been set by the Ethiopian priests to injure or kill him. As a result, he held Ethiopian clerics in deep suspicion.

After the war, Graziani was made [[Viceroy]] of Italian East Africa and [[Governor-General]] of Shewa / Addis Ababa. After an unsuccessful attempt by two Eritreans to kill him on 19 February 1937 (and after murders of other Italians in occupied Ethiopia), Graziani ordered a bloody and indiscriminate reprisal upon the conquered country, later remembered by Ethiopians as ''[[Yekatit 12]]''. Up to thirty thousand civilians of Addis Ababa were killed indiscriminately; another 1,469 were summarily executed by the end of the next month, and over one thousand Ethiopian notables were imprisoned and then exiled from Ethiopia. Graziani became known as "the Butcher of Ethiopia".<ref>{{cite book| chapter= 4| first=Anthony |last= Mockler |title=Haile Selassie's War |location = New York | publisher=Olive Branch |date=2003}}</ref> In connection with the attempt on his life, Graziani authorized the massacre of the monks of the ancient monastery of [[Debre Libanos]] and a large number of pilgrims, who had traveled there to celebrate the feast day of the founding saint of the monastery. Graziani's suspicion of the Ethiopian Orthodox clergy (and the fact that the wife of one of the assassins had briefly taken sanctuary at the monastery) had convinced him of the monks' complicity in the attempt on his life.

From 1939 to 1941, Graziani was [[Chief of Staff of the Italian Army|Chief of Staff]] of the ''Regio Esercito''.