Editing Romanization of Ukrainian (section)

====Library of Congress system====
The ''ALA-LC Romanization Tables'' were first discussed by the American Library Association in 1885,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cutter |first=Charles Ammi |author-link=Charles Ammi Cutter |date=1885 |title=Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee, 1885 |journal=Library Journal |volume=10 |pages=302–309}}</ref> and published in 1904 and 1908,<ref>{{cite book |last=Cutter |first=Charles Ammi |title=Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries |publisher=American Library Association and the (British) Library Association |year=1908 |location=Chicago, IL |pages=65–73 |chapter=Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee |author-link=Charles Ammi Cutter}}</ref> including rules for romanizing Church Slavic, the pre-reform Russian alphabet, and Serbo-Croatian.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gerych |first=G. |title=Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets |publisher=University of Ottawa |year=1965 |location=Ottawa |type=master's dissertation}}</ref> Revised tables including Ukrainian were published in 1941,<ref>{{cite book |title=A.L.A. Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries |publisher=American Library Association |year=1941 |editor-last=Gjelsness |editor-first=Rudolph |location=Chicago, IL |pages=335–36}}</ref> and remain in use virtually unchanged according to the latest 2011 release.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=ALA-LC Romanization Tables |url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=The Library of Congress}}</ref> This system is used to represent bibliographic information by US and Canadian libraries, by the British Library since 1975,<ref name=British_Library>[http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelplang/russian/cyrillictranslit/searchcyrillic.html Searching for Cyrillic items in the catalogues of the British Library: guidelines and transliteration tables] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015131451/http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelplang/russian/cyrillictranslit/searchcyrillic.html |date=2012-10-15 }} https://www.bl.uk/help/search-for-cyrillic-items {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712150035/https://www.bl.uk/help/search-for-cyrillic-items |date=2020-07-12 }}</ref> and in North American publications.

In addition to bibliographic cataloguing, simplified versions of the Library of Congress system are widely used for romanization in the text of academic and general publications. For notes or bibliographical references, some publications use a version without ligatures, which offers sufficient precision but simplifies the typesetting burden and easing readability. For specialist audiences or those familiar with Slavic languages, a version without ligatures and diacritical marks is sometimes used.<ref name=":2">{{cite book |url=https://www.husj.harvard.edu/files/HURI%20Publications%20Guidelines%20-%20upd%20June%202020.pdf |title=Brief Submission Guidelines |publisher=Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute Publications Office |year=2019 |isbn= |editor-last= |editor-first= |location= |pages= |quote=Literary, historical, and social sciences texts adhere to the Library of Congress conventions, without ligatures.... We preserve the spelling of ï. To indicate the soft sign we use a slanted prime ... We preserve the Ukrainian apostrophe as a single curly quotation mark.... Omit primes in place-names (except Rusʹ).}}</ref> For broader audiences, a "modified Library of Congress system" is employed for personal, organizational, and place names, omitting all ligatures and diacritics, ignoring the soft sign ь (ʹ), with initial Є- (''I͡E-''), Й- (''Ĭ-''), Ю- ( ''I͡U-''), and Я- (''I͡A-'') represented by ''Ye-'', ''Y-'', ''Yu-'', and ''Ya-'', surnames' terminal -ий (''-yĭ'') and -ій (''-iĭ'') endings simplified to ''-y'', and sometimes with common first names anglicized, for example, Олександр (''Oleksandr'') written as ''Alexander''.

:{|
|- style="text-align:left; "
!Typical Use
!Variation
!Example
|-
| Original Cyrillic text
| –
| [[Jaroslav Rudnyckyj|Ярослав Рудницький]]
|-
| Library catalogue,<br />standalone bibliography&nbsp;&nbsp;
| Strict ALA-LC
| I͡Aroslav Rudnyt͡sʹkyĭ
|-
| Footnote or bibliography
| Without ligatures
| Iaroslav Rudnytsʹkyĭ
|-
| Academic text
| Without ligatures or diacritics&nbsp;&nbsp;
| Iaroslav Rudnytskyi
|-
| Names in general text
| Modified Library of Congress&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[Jaroslav Rudnyckyj|Yaroslav Rudnytsky]]
|}

Similar principles were systematically described for Russian by J. Thomas Shaw in 1969,<ref>{{cite Q |Q104518479}}</ref> and since widely adopted. Their application for Ukrainian and multilingual text were described in the 1984 English translation of Kubiiovych's ''[[Encyclopedia of Ukraine]]''<ref>{{cite Q |Q104635282 |chapter=Explanatory Notes |volume=I (A-F)}}</ref> and in the 1997 translation of Hrushevskyi's ''[[History of Ukraine-Rus{{softsign}}]]'',<ref>{{cite Q |Q104836760 |page=xv |chapter=Editorial Preface |volume=I (From prehistory to the eleventh century)}}</ref> and other sources have referred to these, for example, historian [[Serhii Plokhy]] in several works. However, the details of usage vary, for example, the authors of the ''Historical Dictionary of Ukraine'' render the soft sign ь before о with an ''i'', "thus Khvyliovy, not Khvylovy, as in the ''Encyclopedia of Ukraine''".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kuhut |first1=Zenon E. |title=Historical Dictionary of Ukraine |last2=Nebesio |first2=Bohdan Y. |last3=Yurkevich |first3=Myroslav |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-8108-5387-6 |location=Lanham, MD |pages=xi |chapter=Note on Transliteration, Terminology, and Dates}}</ref>

Requires Unicode for connecting diacritics, but only plain ASCII characters for a simplified version.