Editing Samuel C. C. Ting (section)

== Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer ==
{{Main|Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer|l1=Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer}}
[[File:Samuel Chao Chung Ting.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ting after he delivered a lecture on the topic of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) in Shandong University in October 2011]]
In 1995, not long after the cancellation of the [[Superconducting Super Collider]] project had severely reduced the possibilities for experimental high-energy physics on Earth, Ting proposed the [[Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer]], a space-borne [[cosmic ray|cosmic-ray]] detector. The proposal was accepted and he became the principal investigator and has been directing the development since then. A prototype, ''AMS-01'', was flown and tested on [[Space Shuttle]] mission [[STS-91]] in 1998. The main mission, ''AMS-02'', was then planned for launch by the Shuttle and mounting on the [[International Space Station]].<ref name="NASA-AMS-02">{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/AMS-02.html
 |title       = Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer - 02 (AMS-02)
 |publisher   = NASA
 |date        = August 21, 2009
 |access-date  = September 3, 2009
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090816041406/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/science/experiments/AMS-02.html
 |archive-date = August 16, 2009
}}</ref>

This project is a massive $2 billion undertaking involving 500 scientists from 56 institutions and 16 countries.<ref name="Cbs">{{cite web
|url = http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/home/spacenews/files/6fcbc1ea9b60fae967984afc741cb2e3-245.html
|title = Endeavour astronauts install $2 billion cosmic ray detector
|publisher = cbsnews.com
|date = May 19, 2011
|access-date = April 18, 2019
|author = William Harwood
|archive-date = March 7, 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210307024012/http://www.cbsnews.com/network/news/space/home/spacenews/files/6fcbc1ea9b60fae967984afc741cb2e3-245.html
|url-status = live
}}</ref> After the 2003 [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster]], [[NASA]] announced that the Shuttle was to be retired by 2010 and that ''AMS-02'' was not on the manifest of any of the remaining Shuttle flights. Dr. Ting was forced to (successfully) lobby the [[United States Congress]] and the public to secure an additional Shuttle flight dedicated to this project. Also during this time, Ting had to deal with numerous technical problems in fabricating and qualifying the large, extremely sensitive and delicate detector module for space.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7475708/ |title=NASA Presents: AMS - The Fight for Flight |website=[[IMDb]] |access-date=April 18, 2019 |archive-date=October 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024131153/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt7475708/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''AMS-02'' was successfully launched on Shuttle mission [[STS-134]] on May 16, 2011, and was installed on the [[International Space Station]] on May 19, 2011.<ref name="Hsu">{{cite web
|url = http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/090902-tw-antimatter-hunter.html
|title = Space Station Experiment to Hunt Antimatter Galaxies
|publisher = Space.com
|date = September 2, 2009
|author = Jeremy Hsu
|access-date = September 2, 2009
|archive-date = October 6, 2009
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091006020704/http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/090902-tw-antimatter-hunter.html
|url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/science/space/17dark.html |title=A Costly Quest for the Dark Heart of the Cosmos (New York Times, November 16, 2010) |work=The New York Times |date=November 17, 2010 |access-date=February 25, 2017 |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404220425/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/science/space/17dark.html |url-status=live |last1=Overbye |first1=Dennis }}</ref>