Editing Saudade (section)

==Elements==
[[File:Bertha Worms - Saudades de Nápoles, 1895.JPG|thumb|''Saudades de Nápoles'' (Missing Naples), 1895 by [[Bertha Worms]].]]

''Saudade'' is similar but not equal to [[nostalgia]], a word that also exists in Portuguese.

In the book ''In Portugal'' of 1912, A. F. G. Bell writes: {{quotation|The famous saudade of the Portuguese is a vague and constant desire for something that does not and probably cannot exist, for something other than the present, a turning towards the past or towards the future; not an active discontent or poignant sadness but an indolent dreaming wistfulness.<ref name="Bell, A.F. 1912 p. 402">Bell, A. F. (1912) ''In Portugal''. London and New York: The Bodley Head. Quoted in [[Shirlee Emmons|Emmons, Shirlee]] and Wilbur Watkins Lewis (2006) ''Researching the Song: A Lexicon.'' Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, p. 402.</ref>}}

A stronger form of ''saudade'' may be felt towards people and things whose whereabouts are unknown, such as old ways and sayings; a lost lover who is sadly missed; a faraway place where one was raised; loved ones who have died; feelings and stimuli one used to have; and the faded, yet golden memories of youth. Although it relates to feelings of melancholy and fond memories of things/people/days gone by, it can be a rush of sadness coupled with a paradoxical joy derived from acceptance of fate and the hope of recovering or substituting what is lost by something that will either fill in the void or provide [[consolation]].

To F. D. Santos, ''Saudade'' as a noun has become a longing for longing itself: {{quotation|There was an evolution from saudades (plural) to Saudade (singular, preferably written with a capital S), which became a philosophical concept. ... Saudade has an object; however, its object has become itself, for it means 'nostalgia for nostalgia', a meta-nostalgia, a longing oriented toward the longing itself. It is no more the Loved One or the 'Return' that is desired, based on a sense of loss and absence. Now, Desire desires Desire itself, as in the poetry of ''love for love's sake'' in Arabic, or as in Lope de Vega's famous epigram about the Portuguese who was crying for his love for Love itself. Or, rather, as poetess Florbela Espanca put it, ''I long for the longings I don't have'' ('Anoitecer', Espanca 1923).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Santos|first1=Filipe D.|title=Education and the Boarding School Novel, The Work of José Régio|date=2017|publisher=Sense Publishers|location=Rotterdam|isbn=978-94-6300-739-9|page=102|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KqENDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|access-date=2017-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904194239/https://books.google.pt/books?id=KqENDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|archive-date=4 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>}}