Editing Scramjet (section)

===2010s===
On 22 and 23 March 2010, Australian and American defense scientists successfully tested a (HIFiRE) hypersonic rocket. It reached an atmospheric speed of "more than 5,000 kilometres per hour" (Mach{{nbsp}}4) after taking off from the [[Woomera Test Range]] in outback South Australia.<ref name="SMH 2010-03-22">{{cite news |last=AAP |author-link=Australian Associated Press |url=http://www.smh.com.au//breaking-news-national/scientists-conduct-second-hifire-test-20100322-qqrp.html |title=Scientists conduct second HIFiRE test |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |publisher=[[Fairfax Media]] |date=22 March 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212160428/http://www.smh.com.au//breaking-news-national/scientists-conduct-second-hifire-test-20100322-qqrp.html |archive-date=12 February 2016 |access-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref><ref name="AuBC 2010-03-23">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-03-23/success-for-hypersonic-outback-flight/375654 |title=Success for hypersonic outback flight |work=ABC News |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] |date=23 March 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212161059/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-03-23/success-for-hypersonic-outback-flight/375654 |archive-date=12 February 2016 |access-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref>

On 27 May 2010, [[NASA]] and the [[United States Air Force]] successfully flew the [[Boeing X-51|X-51A Waverider]] for approximately 200 seconds at Mach{{nbsp}}5, setting a new world record for flight duration at hypersonic airspeed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Longest Flight at Hypersonic Speed|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-flight-at-hypersonic-speed|website=Guinness World Records|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706212226/http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-flight-at-hypersonic-speed|archive-date=6 July 2017 |access-date=6 July 2017  }}</ref> The Waverider flew autonomously before losing acceleration for an unknown reason and destroying itself as planned. The test was declared a success. The X-51A was carried aboard a [[B-52]], accelerated to Mach{{nbsp}}4.5 via a solid rocket booster, and then ignited the [[Pratt & Whitney]] Rocketdyne scramjet engine to reach Mach{{nbsp}}5 at {{convert|70000|ft|m}}.<ref name="CNET 2010-05-26">{{cite news |last=Skillings |first=Jon |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/x-51a-races-to-hypersonic-record/ |title=X-51A races to hypersonic record |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=26 May 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212161352/http://www.cnet.com/news/x-51a-races-to-hypersonic-record/ |archive-date=12 February 2016 |access-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref> However, a second flight on 13 June 2011 was ended prematurely when the engine lit briefly on ethylene but failed to transition to its primary [[JP-7]] fuel, failing to reach full power.<ref name="Space.com 2011-07-29">{{cite news |url=http://www.space.com/12441-hypersonic-x51a-waverider-scramjet-failure.html |title=Hypersonic X-51A Scramjet Failure Perplexes Air Force |work=[[Space.com]] |publisher=[[Purch]] |date=27 July 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212161955/http://www.space.com/12441-hypersonic-x51a-waverider-scramjet-failure.html |archive-date=12 February 2016 |access-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref>

On 16 November 2010, Australian scientists from the [[Australian Defence Force Academy#Academic education|University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy]] successfully demonstrated that the high-speed flow in a naturally non-burning scramjet engine can be ignited using a pulsed laser source.<ref name="AuBC 2010-11-16">{{cite news |last=Cooper |first=Dani |url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2010/11/16/3067887.htm |title=Researchers put spark into scramjets |work=ABC Science |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] |date=16 November 2010 |access-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref>

A further [[Boeing X-51|X-51A Waverider]] test failed on 15 August 2012. The attempt to fly the scramjet for a prolonged period at Mach{{nbsp}}6 was cut short when, only 15 seconds into the flight, the X-51A craft lost control and broke apart, falling into the Pacific Ocean north-west of Los Angeles. The cause of the failure was blamed on a faulty control fin.<ref name="BBC 2012-08-15">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-19277620 |title=Hypersonic jet Waverider fails Mach 6 test |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=15 August 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212163058/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-19277620 |archive-date=12 February 2016 |access-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref>

In May 2013, an X-51A Waverider reached 4828&nbsp;km/h (Mach{{nbsp}}3.9) during a three-minute flight under scramjet power. The WaveRider was dropped at {{convert|50000|ft|m}} from a B-52 bomber, and then accelerated to Mach{{nbsp}}4.8 by a solid rocket booster which then separated before the WaveRider's scramjet engine came into effect.<ref name="2013-05-smh">{{cite news |last=AP |author-link=Associated Press |url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/experimental-hypersonic-aircraft-hits-4828-kmh-20130506-2j2e6.html |title=Experimental hypersonic aircraft hits 4828 km/h |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |publisher=[[Fairfax Media]] |date=6 May 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212163341/http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/experimental-hypersonic-aircraft-hits-4828-kmh-20130506-2j2e6.html |archive-date=12 February 2016 |access-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref>

On 28 August 2016, the Indian space agency [[Indian Space Research Organisation|ISRO]] conducted a successful test of a scramjet engine on a two-stage, solid-fueled rocket. Twin scramjet engines were mounted on the back of the second stage of a two-stage, solid-fueled [[sounding rocket]] called [[Advanced Technology Vehicle]] (ATV), which is ISRO's advanced sounding rocket. The twin scramjet engines were ignited during the second stage of the rocket when the ATV achieved a speed of 7350&nbsp;km/h (Mach{{nbsp}}6) at an altitude of 20&nbsp;km. The scramjet engines were fired for a duration of about 5 seconds.<ref name="Firstpost 2016">{{cite web | title=Scramjet engines successfully tested: All you need to know about Isro's latest feat | website=Firstpost | date=28 August 2016 | url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/scramjet-engines-successfully-tested-all-you-need-to-know-about-isros-latest-feat-2979992.html | access-date=28 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.isro.gov.in/update/28-aug-2016/successful-flight-testing-of-isros-scramjet-engine-technology-demonstrator|title=Successful Flight Testing of ISRO's Scramjet Engine Technology Demonstrator – ISRO|website=www.isro.gov.in|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182039/http://www.isro.gov.in/update/28-aug-2016/successful-flight-testing-of-isros-scramjet-engine-technology-demonstrator}}</ref>

On 12 June 2019, India successfully conducted the maiden flight test of its indigenously developed uncrewed scramjet demonstration aircraft for hypersonic speed flight from a base from [[Abdul Kalam Island]] in the [[Bay of Bengal]] at about 11:25&nbsp;am. The aircraft is called the [[Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle]]. The trial was carried out by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]. The aircraft forms an important component of the country's programme for development of a hypersonic [[cruise missile]] system.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=12 June 2019|title=India successfully conducts flight test of unmanned scramjet demonstration aircraft|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-successfully-conducts-flight-test-of-unmanned-scramjet-demonstration-aircraft/articleshow/69753799.cms?from=mdr|journal=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=12 June 2019|title=India test fires Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/india-test-fires-hypersonic-technology-demonstrator-vehicle-119061200454_1.html|journal=Business Standard}}</ref>