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Screen printing
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=== 1960s to present === [[File:Video Proses Silk Screen.webm|thumb|left|Video of Silk Screening process for decal paper to be pasted on the ceramic wares]] Credit is given to the artist [[Andy Warhol]] for popularising screen printing as an artistic technique. Warhol's silk screens include his 1962 [[Marilyn Diptych]], which is a portrait of the actress [[Marilyn Monroe]] printed in bold colours. Warhol was supported in his production by master screen printer [[Michel Caza]], a founding member of [[Fespa]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_183_300089967.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_183_300089967.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |location=New York, N.Y. |title=Pop impressions: Europe/USA |publisher=The Museum of Modern Art, Department of Prints and Illustrated Books |date=1999 |pages=1β2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.printweek.com/print-week/india-in-depth/1131201/guru-screen-print-michel-caza |last=Mistry |first=Bhargav |title=To the Guru of Screen Print, Michel Caza |work=Print Week |date=2010-12-07 |access-date=2018-11-18}}</ref> [[Sister Mary Corita Kent]] gained international fame for her vibrant serigraphs during the 1960s and 1970s. Her works were rainbow coloured, contained words that were both political, and fostered peace and love and caring. American entrepreneur, artist and inventor Michael Vasilantone started to use, develop, and sell a rotatable multicolour garment screen printing machine in 1960. Vasilantone later filed for a patent<ref name="patft.uspto.gov">{{cite web |url=http://patft.uspto.gov/ |title=patft Β» Page 1 of 1 |publisher=Patft.uspto.gov |date=2010-08-26 |access-date=2012-11-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019041123/http://patft.uspto.gov/ |archive-date=2012-10-19 }}</ref> on his invention in 1967 granted number 3,427,964 on 18 February 1969.<ref name="patft.uspto.gov"/> The original machine was manufactured to print logos and team information on [[bowling]] garments, but was soon directed to the new fad of printing on T-shirts. The Vasilantone patent was licensed by multiple manufacturers and the resulting production and boom in printed T-shirts made this ''garment'' screen printing machine popular. Screen printing on garments currently{{When|date=November 2019}} accounts for over half of the screen printing activity in the United States.<ref name="sgia.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.sgia.org/surveys_and_statistics/ |title=Industry Analysis |publisher=Sgia.org |access-date=2012-11-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014161004/http://www.sgia.org/surveys_and_statistics/ |archive-date=2012-10-14 }}</ref> Graphic screen-printing is widely used today to create mass- or large-batch produced graphics, such as posters or display stands. Full colour prints can be created by printing in [[CMYK color model|CMYK]] (cyan, magenta, yellow and black). Screen printing lends itself well to printing on canvas. [[Andy Warhol]], [[Arthur Okamura]], [[Robert Rauschenberg]], [[Roy Lichtenstein]], [[Harry Gottlieb]] and many other artists have used screen printing as an expression of creativity and artistic vision. Another variation, digital hybrid screen printing, is a union between analog screen printing and traditional digital direct-to-garment printing, two of the most common textile embellishment technologies in use today. Essentially, digital hybrid screen printing is an automatic screen-printing press with a CMYK digital enhancement located on one of the screen print stations. Digital hybrid screen printing is capable of variable data options, creating endless customizations, with the added ability of screen print specific techniques.
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