Editing Seiche (section)

===Sea and bay seiches===
Seiches have been observed in seas such as the [[Adriatic Sea]] and the [[Baltic Sea]]. This results in the flooding of [[Venice]] and [[Saint Petersburg]], respectively, as both cities are constructed on former marshland. In St. Petersburg, seiche-induced flooding is common along the [[Neva River]] in the autumn. The seiche is driven by a low-pressure region in the [[North Atlantic]] moving onshore, giving rise to [[cyclone|cyclonic]] lows on the [[Baltic Sea]]. The low pressure of the cyclone draws greater-than-normal quantities of water into the virtually landlocked Baltic. As the cyclone continues inland, long, low-frequency seiche waves with wavelengths up to several hundred kilometres are established in the Baltic. When the waves reach the narrow and shallow Neva Bay, they become much higher—ultimately flooding the Neva embankments.<ref>This behaves in a fashion similar to a [[tidal bore]] where incoming tides are funneled into a shallow, narrowing river via a broad bay. The funnel-like shape increases the height of the tide above normal, and the flood appears as a relatively rapid increase in the water level.</ref> Similar phenomena are observed at Venice, resulting in the [[MOSE Project]], a system of 79 mobile barriers designed to protect the three entrances to the [[Venetian Lagoon]].

In Japan, seiches have been observed in [[Nagasaki Bay]], most often in the spring.  During a seiche event on 31 March 1979, a water-level displacement of {{convert|2.78|m|ft}} was recorded at Nagasaki tide station; the maximum displacement in the whole bay is thought to have reached as much as {{convert|4.70|m|ft}}.  Seiches in Western [[Kyushu]]—including Nagasaki Bay—are often induced by a low in the atmospheric pressure passing South of Kyushu island.<ref>{{cite journal
  | doi = 10.1007/BF02110288
  | last = Hibiya
  | first = Toshiyuki
  | author2 = Kinjiro Kajiura
  | title = Origin of the ''Abiki'' Phenomenon (a kind of Seiche) in Nagasaki Bay
  | journal = Journal of Oceanographical Society of Japan
  | volume = 38
  | pages = 172–182
  | year = 1982
  | url = http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/JO/JOSJ/pdf/3803/38030172.pdf
  | access-date = 2009-02-26
  | issue = 3
  | bibcode = 1982JOce...38..172H
 | s2cid = 198197231
  | archive-date = 2011-05-27
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110527051123/http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/JO/JOSJ/pdf/3803/38030172.pdf
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref> Seiches in Nagasaki Bay have a [[period (physics)|period]] of about 30 to 40 minutes. Locally, seiches have caused floods, destroyed port facilities and damaged the fishery: hence the local word for seiche, {{Nihongo|あびき|abiki}}, from {{Nihongo|網引き|amibiki}}, meaning 'the dragging-away of a fishing net'.

On occasion, [[tsunami]]s can produce seiches as a result of local geographic peculiarities. For instance, the tsunami that hit [[Hawaii]] in 1946 had a fifteen-minute interval between wave fronts. The natural resonant period of [[Hilo|Hilo Bay]] is about thirty minutes. That meant that every second wave was in phase with the bay, creating a seiche. As a result, Hilo suffered worse damage than any other place in Hawaii, with the combined tsunami and seiche reaching a height of {{convert|26|ft|m}} along the Bayfront, killing 96 people in the city alone. Seiche waves may continue for several days after a tsunami.

Tide-generated internal solitary waves ([[soliton]]s) can excite coastal seiches at the following locations: [[Magueyes Island]] in Puerto Rico,<ref>
{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1029/GL009i012p01305
| last = Giese
| first = Graham S.
|author2=R. B. Hollander |author3=J. E. Fancher |author4=B. S. Giese
 | title = Evidence of coastal Seiche excitation by tide-generated internal solitary waves.
| journal = Geophysical Research Letters
| volume = 9
| issue = 12
| pages = 1305–1308
| year = 1982
|bibcode = 1982GeoRL...9.1305G }}
</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<1449:COLACS>2.0.CO;2
| last = Giese
| first = Graham S.
|author2=David C. Chapman |author3=Peter G. Black |author4=John A. Fornshell
 | title = Causation of Large-Amplitude Coastal Seiches on the Caribbean Coast of Puerto Rico
| journal = J. Phys. Oceanogr.
| volume = 20
| issue = 9
| pages = 1449–1458
| date = 1990
| bibcode = 1990JPO....20.1449G| doi-access = free
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Alfonso-Sosa |first=Edwin |title=Estimated Speed of Aves Ridge Solitons Packets by Analysis of Sequential Images from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) |pages=1–11 |date=September 2012 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.14561.45929 |doi-access=free |url=https://www.academia.edu/4950973 |access-date=2022-07-30 |archive-date=2022-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730162534/https://www.academia.edu/4950973/Estimated_Speed_of_Aves_Ridge_Solitons_Packets_by_Analysis_of_Sequential_Images_from_the_Moderate_Resolution_Imaging_Spectroradiometer_MODIS_S |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Puerto Princesa]] in Palawan Island,<ref>
{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2418:TCBHSA>2.0.CO;2
| last = Giese
| first = Graham S.
|author2=David C. Chapman |author3=Margaret Goud Collins |author4=Rolu Encarnacion |author5=Gil Jacinto
 | title = The Coupling between Harbor Seiches at Palawan Island and Sulu Sea Internal Solitons
| journal = J. Phys. Oceanogr.
| volume = 28
| issue = 12
| pages = 2418–2426
| date = 1998
|bibcode=1998JPO....28.2418G| s2cid = 55974279
| doi-access = free
}}
</ref>
[[Trincomalee Bay]] in Sri Lanka,<ref>
{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1029/2009JC005673
| last = Wijeratne
| first = E. M. S.
|author2=P. L. Woodworth |author3=D. T. Pugh
 | title = Meteorological and internal wave forcing of seiches along the Sri Lanka coast
| journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
| volume = 115
| issue = C3
| pages = C03014
| date = 2010
|bibcode = 2010JGRC..115.3014W | doi-access = free
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Alfonso-Sosa |first=Edwin |title=Tide-Generated Internal Solitons in Bay of Bengal Excite Coastal Seiches in Trincomalee Bay |pages=1–16 |date=April 2014 |url=https://www.academia.edu/6707154 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.32105.70242 |doi-access=free |access-date=2022-07-30 |archive-date=2022-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730162534/https://www.academia.edu/6707154/Tide-Generated_Internal_Solitons_in_Bay_of_Bengal_Excite_Coastal_Seiches_in_Trincomalee_Bay |url-status=live }}</ref>
and in the [[Bay of Fundy]] in eastern Canada, where seiches cause some of the highest recorded tidal fluctuations in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/pn-np/nb/fundy/visit/marees-tides.aspx|title=The Bay of Fundy's Giant Tides|date=2017-03-28|website=Parks Canada – Fundy National Park|access-date=9 April 2018|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050045/http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/pn-np/nb/fundy/visit/marees-tides.aspx|url-status=dead }}</ref>
A dynamical mechanism exists for the generation of coastal seiches by deep-sea internal waves. These waves can generate a sufficient current at the shelf break to excite coastal seiches.<ref>
{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<1459:AMFTGO>2.0.CO;2
| last = Chapman
| first = David C.
|author2=Graham S. Giese
 | title = A Model for the Generation of Coastal Seiches by Deep-Sea Internal Waves
| journal = J. Phys. Oceanogr.
| volume = 20
| issue = 9
| pages = 1459–1467
| date = 1990
| bibcode = 1990JPO....20.1459C
| doi-access = free
}}
</ref>

In September 2023, an enormous landslide resulting from a melting glacier near [[Dickson Fjord]] in Greenland triggered a [[megatsunami]] about {{convert|200|m|ft}} high.<ref name="ArsTechnica2024">{{cite web | last1=Hicks | first1=Steven | last2=Svennevig | first2=Kristian | date=2024-09-14 | title=Bizarre, nine-day seismic signal caused by epic landslide in Greenland | website=Ars Technica | url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/09/bizarre-nine-day-seismic-signal-caused-by-epic-landslide-in-greenland/ | access-date=2024-09-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carrillo-Ponce |first1=Angela |last2=Heimann |first2=Sebastian |last3=Petersen |first3=Gesa M. |last4=Walter |first4=Thomas R. |last5=Cesca |first5=Simone |last6=Dahm |first6=Torsten |date=2024 |title=The 16 September 2023 Greenland Megatsunami: Analysis and Modeling of the Source and a Week-Long, Monochromatic Seismic Signal |journal=The Seismic Record |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=172–183 |doi=10.1785/0320240013 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2024SeisR...4..172C }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Svennevig |first1=Kristian |last2=Hicks |first2=Stephen P. |last3=Forbriger |first3=Thomas |last4=Lecocq |first4=Thomas |last5=Widmer-Schnidrig |first5=Rudolf |last6=Mangeney |first6=Anne |last7=Hibert |first7=Clément |last8=Korsgaard |first8=Niels J. |last9=Lucas |first9=Antoine |last10=Satriano |first10=Claudio |last11=Anthony |first11=Robert E. |last12=Mordret |first12=Aurélien |last13=Schippkus |first13=Sven |last14=Rysgaard |first14=Søren |last15=Boone |first15=Wieter |date=13 September 2024 |title=A rockslide-generated tsunami in a Greenland fjord rang Earth for 9 days |journal=Science |volume=385 |issue=6714 |pages=1196–1205 |doi=10.1126/science.adm9247 |last16=Gibbons |first16=Steven J. |last17=Cook |first17=Kristen L. |last18=Glimsdal |first18=Sylfest |last19=Løvholt |first19=Finn |last20=Van Noten |first20=Koen |last21=Assink |first21=Jelle D. |last22=Marboeuf |first22=Alexis |last23=Lomax |first23=Anthony |last24=Vanneste |first24=Kris |last25=Taira |first25=Taka'aki |last26=Spagnolo |first26=Matteo |last27=De Plaen |first27=Raphael |last28=Koelemeijer |first28=Paula |last29=Ebeling |first29=Carl |last30=Cannata |first30=Andrea |last31=Harcourt |first31=William D. |last32=Cornwell |first32=David G. |last33=Caudron |first33=Corentin |last34=Poli |first34=Piero |last35=Bernard |first35=Pascal |last36=Larose |first36=Eric |last37=Stutzmann |first37=Eleonore |last38=Voss |first38=Peter H. |last39=Lund |first39=Bjorn |last40=Cannavo |first40=Flavio |last41=Castro-Díaz |first41=Manuel J. |last42=Chaves |first42=Esteban |last43=Dahl-Jensen |first43=Trine |last44=Pinho Dias |first44=Nicolas De |last45=Déprez |first45=Aline |last46=Develter |first46=Roeland |last47=Dreger |first47=Douglas |last48=Evers |first48=Läslo G. |last49=Fernández-Nieto |first49=Enrique D. |last50=Ferreira |first50=Ana M. G. |last51=Funning |first51=Gareth |last52=Gabriel |first52=Alice-Agnes |last53=Hendrickx |first53=Marc |last54=Kafka |first54=Alan L. |last55=Keiding |first55=Marie |last56=Kerby |first56=Jeffrey |last57=Khan |first57=Shfaqat A. |last58=Dideriksen |first58=Andreas Kjær |last59=Lamb |first59=Oliver D. |last60=Larsen |first60=Tine B. |last61=Lipovsky |first61=Bradley |last62=Magdalena |first62=Ikha |last63=Malet |first63=Jean-Philippe |last64=Myrup |first64=Mikkel |last65=Rivera |first65=Luis |last66=Ruiz-Castillo |first66=Eugenio |last67=Wetter |first67=Selina |last68=Wirtz |first68=Bastien|pmid=39264997 |bibcode=2024Sci...385.1196S |hdl=2164/24232 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> This was followed by a seiche with waves up to {{convert|7|m|ft}} high oscillating within the fjord.<ref name="NPR2024">{{cite web |last1=Chappell |first1=Bill |title=A landslide linked to climate change 'rang' the Earth for 9 days, researchers say |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/09/13/g-s1-22858/a-landslide-linked-to-climate-change-rang-the-earth-for-9-days-researchers-say |publisher=NPR |date=13 September 2024}}</ref> This seiche lasted nine days, reflecting the avalanche's large size and the fjord's long, narrow shape. During that period, it generated unusual seismic reverberations detected around the world, puzzling seismologists for some time before they could identify their source.<ref name="ArsTechnica2024" /><ref name="NPR2024" /><ref name="WashingtonPost2024">{{Cite news |last=Patel |first=Kasha |date=2024-09-14 |title=A rumble echoed around the world for nine days. Here's what caused it. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2024/09/12/seismic-signal-climate-change-landslide-greenland/ |access-date=2024-09-15 |newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:Illustration of the phenomenon of seiches.png|thumb|350px|Illustration of the initiation of surface and subsurface thermocline seiches.]]