Editing Sensorineural hearing loss (section)

===Congenital===
* Infections:{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
** [[Congenital rubella syndrome]], CRS, results from transplacental transmission of the [[rubella virus]] during pregnancy. CRS has been controlled by universal vaccination ([[MMR vaccine|MMR]] or [[MMRV vaccine]]).
** [[Cytomegalovirus]] (CMV) infection is the most common cause of progressive sensorineural hearing loss in children. It is a common viral infection contracted by contact with infected bodily fluids such as saliva or urine and easily transmitted in nurseries and thus from toddlers to expectant mothers. CMV infection during pregnancy can affect the developing foetus and lead to learning difficulties as well as hearing loss.
** [[Toxoplasmosis]], a parasitic disease affecting 23% of the population in the U.S., can cause sensorineural deafness to the fetus in utero.
* [[Hypoplasia|Hypoplastic]] auditory nerves or abnormalities of the cochlea. Abnormal development of the inner ear can occur in some genetic syndromes such as LAMM syndrome (labyrinthine aplasia, microtia and microdontia), [[Pendred syndrome]], [[branchio-oto-renal syndrome]], [[CHARGE syndrome]]{{cn|date=December 2024}}
* [[GATA2 deficiency]], a grouping of several disorders caused by common defect, viz., familial or sporadic [[Mutation#By effect on function|inactivating mutation]]s in one of the two parental ''[[GATA2]]'' [[gene]]s. These [[autosomal dominant]] mutations cause a reduction, i.e. a [[haploinsufficiency]], in the cellular levels of the gene's product, [[GATA2]]. The GATA2 [[protein]] is a [[transcription factor]] critical for the [[Embryogenesis|embryonic development]], maintenance, and functionality of [[blood|blood-forming]], [[Lymphatic system|lympathic-forming]], and other tissue-forming [[stem cell]]s. In consequence of these mutations, cellular levels of GATA2 are deficient and individuals develop over time hematological, immunological, lymphatic, and/or other disorders. GATA2 deficiency-induced abnormalities in the lymphatic system are proposed to be responsible for a failure in generating the [[perilymphatic space]] around the inner ear's [[semicircular canals]], which in turn underlies the development of sensorineural hearing loss.<ref name="pmid28179280">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Crispino JD, Horwitz MS |date=April 2017 |title=GATA factor mutations in hematologic disease |journal=Blood |volume=129 |issue=15 |pages=2103–2110 |doi=10.1182/blood-2016-09-687889 |pmc=5391620 |pmid=28179280}}</ref><ref name="pmid28643018">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hirabayashi S, Wlodarski MW, Kozyra E, Niemeyer CM |date=August 2017 |title=Heterogeneity of GATA2-related myeloid neoplasms |journal=International Journal of Hematology |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=175–182 |doi=10.1007/s12185-017-2285-2 |pmid=28643018 |doi-access=free}}</ref>