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Seti I
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===Military campaigns=== {{singlesource|section|date=September 2024}} Seti I fought a series of wars in western Asia, Libya and Nubia in the first decade of his reign. The main source for Seti's military activities are his battle scenes on the north exterior wall of the Karnak Hypostyle Hall, along with several royal stelas with inscriptions mentioning battles in Canaan and Nubia. [[File:AbydosSethosCh-191.jpg|thumb|[[Wepwawet]] wolf-god of [[List of war deities|war]] and [[List of death deities|death]], giving scepters to Seti I, bas-relief from the Temple of Seti I]] In his first regnal year, he led his armies along the "Horus Military road", the coastal road that led from the Egyptian city of [[Tjaru]] (Zarw/Sile) in the northeast corner of the Egyptian Nile Delta along the northern coast of the Sinai peninsula ending in the town of "Canaan" in the modern Gaza strip. The Ways of Horus consisted of a series of military forts, each with a well, that are depicted in detail in the king's war scenes on the north wall of the Karnak Hypostyle Hall. While crossing the Sinai, the king's army fought local Bedouins called the [[Shasu]]. In Canaan, he received the tribute of some of the city states he visited. Others, including [[Beth-Shan]] and [[Yenoam]], had to be captured but were easily defeated. A stele in Beth-Shan testifies to that reconquest; according to Grdsseloff, Rowe, Albrecht et Albright,<ref>Albright W. The smaller Beth-Shean stele of Sethos I (1309-1290 B. C.), Bulletin of the American schools of Oriental research, feb 1952, p. 24-32.</ref> Seti defeated Asian nomads in war against the Apirus (Hebrews). Dussaud commented Albright's article: "The interest of Professor Albright's note is mainly due to the fact that he no longer objects to the identification of "Apiru" with "Ibri" (i.e. the Hebrews) provided that we grant him that the vocal change has been driven by a popular etymology that brought the term "eber" (formerly 'ibr), that is to say the man from beyond the river."<ref>Dussaud R. Syria, Revue d'art oriental et d'archéologie, 1952, 29-3-4, p. 386.</ref> It seems that Egypt extends beyond the river. The attack on Yenoam is illustrated in his war scenes, while other battles, such as the defeat of Beth-Shan, were not shown because the king himself did not participate, sending a division of his army instead. The year one campaign continued into Lebanon where the king received the submission of its chiefs who were compelled to cut down valuable cedar wood themselves as tribute. At some unknown point in his reign, Seti I defeated Libyan tribesmen who had invaded Egypt's western border. Although defeated, the Libyans would pose an ever-increasing threat to Egypt during the reigns of Merenptah and Ramesses III. The Egyptian army also put down a minor "rebellion" in Nubia in the 8th year of Seti I. Seti himself did not participate in it although his crown prince, the future Ramesses II, may have. [[File:Stele of Seti I from Tell es Shihab in the Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul.png|thumb|Stele of Seti I from Tell es Shihab in the Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul]]
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