Editing Seven virtues (section)

==Seven capital virtues==
The seven capital virtues or seven lively virtues (also known as the contrary or remedial virtues){{sfn|Bejczy|2011|page=225}} are those thought to stand in opposition to the [[seven capital vices]] (or deadly sins).

[[Prudentius]], writing in the 5th century, was the first author to allegorically represent Christian morality as a struggle between seven sins and seven virtues. His poem ''[[Psychomachia]]'' depicts a battle between female personifications of virtues and vices, with each virtue confronting and defeating a particular vice.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wieland |first=Gernot |date=1986 |title=Aldhelm's 'De Octo Vitiis Princip Alibus' and Prudentius' 'Psychomachia' |jstor=43628952 |journal=Medium Aevum |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=85–86 |doi=10.2307/43628952}}</ref> However, Prudentius did not base his allegory on the cardinal and theological virtues, nor did he use the traditional list of capital vices. The combatants in the ''Psychomachia'' are as follows:
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! [[Virtue]]
! [[Latin]]
! [[Sin]]
! Latin
|-
| [[Chastity]]
| {{lang|la|Pudicitia}}
| [[Lust]]
| {{lang|la|Sodomita Libido}}
|-
| [[Faith]]
| {{lang|la|Fides}}
| [[Idolatry]]<ref>{{cite book|first=S.|last=Young|chapter=From the desert to the university: Parisian theologians and the seven deadly sins|title=Scholarly Community at the Early University of Paris: Theologians, Education and Society|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=168–207}}</ref>
| {{lang|la|Veterum Cultura Deorum}}
|-
| [[Good Works]]
| {{lang|la|Operatio}}
| [[Avarice]]
| {{lang|la|Avaritia}}
|-
| [[Concord (virtue)|Concord]]
| {{lang|la|Concordia}}
| [[Discord (sin)|Discord]]
| {{lang|la|Discordia}}
|-
| [[Sobriety]]
| {{lang|la|Sobrietas}}
| Indulgence
| {{lang|la|Luxuria}}
|-
| [[Patience]]
| {{lang|la|Patientia}}
| [[Wrath]]
| {{lang|la|Ira}}
|-
| [[Humility]]
| {{lang|la|Mens Humilis}}
| [[Hubris|Pride]]
| {{lang|la|Superbia}}
|}

The success of this work popularised the concept of capital virtues among medieval authors. In AD&nbsp;590, the seven capital vices were revised by [[Pope Gregory I]], which led to the creation of new lists of corresponding capital virtues. In modern times, the capital virtues are commonly identified as the following:<ref>{{cite book |last=Siker |first=Jeffrey S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1yFTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA46 |title=Jesus, Sin, and Perfection in Early Christianity |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-107-10541-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=46}}</ref>

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! [[Virtue]]
! [[Latin]]
! [[Sin]]
! Latin
|-
| [[Chastity]]
| {{lang|la|Castitas}} 
| [[Lust]]
| {{lang|la|Luxuria}}
|-
| [[Temperance (virtue)|Temperance]]
| {{lang|la|Temperantia}}
| [[Gluttony]]
| {{lang|la|Gula}}
|-
| [[Charity (Christian virtue)|Charity]]
| {{lang|la|Caritas}}
| [[Greed]]
| {{lang|la|Avaritia}}
|-
| [[Diligence]]
| {{lang|la|Diligentia}}
| [[Sloth (deadly sin)|Sloth]]
| {{lang|la|Acedia}}
|-
| [[Kindness]]
| {{lang|la|Humanitas}}
| [[Envy]]
| {{lang|la|Invidia}}
|-
| [[Patience]]
| {{lang|la|Patientia}}
| [[Anger|Wrath]]
| {{lang|la|Ira}}
|-
| [[Humility]]
| {{lang|la|Humilitas}}
| [[Pride]]
| {{lang|la|Superbia}}
|}

Although some medieval authors attempted to contrast the capital vices with the heavenly virtues, such efforts were rare.{{sfn|Bejczy|2011|pages=228–229}} According to historian István P. Bejczy, "the capital vices are more often contrasted with the remedial or contrary virtues in medieval moral literature than with the principal virtues, while the principal virtues are frequently accompanied by a set of mirroring vices rather than by the seven deadly sins".{{sfn|Bejczy|2011|page=233}}