Editing Shammar (section)

==Iraq==
The Shammar is [[Iraq]]'s largest Arab tribe, along with the [[Jubur]], with more than 1.5 million members.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqRgDU1kKi0C&pg=PA13|title=The Three Circles of War: Understanding the Dynamics of Conflict in Iraq|last1=Gregg|first1=Heather|last2=Rothstein|first2=Hy S.|last3=Arquilla|first3=John|date=2010|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=9781597974998|pages=13|language=en}}</ref> Under the leadership of Banu Mohamad, known as Al Jarba, there was a massive exodus into Iraq. Most of the Shammar in Iraq gave up their nomadic lifestyles to settle in major cities, especially the [[Al Jazira, Mesopotamia|Jazirah]] plain, the area between the [[Tigris]] and [[Euphrates]] from [[Baghdad]] to [[Mosul]]. Droughts triggered several migrations of Shammar into Iraq, which, according to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] census upon its annexation, had only 1.5 million inhabitants. The Shammar took over the Jazirah after displacing [[Al-Ubaid (tribe)|Al-Ubaid]] tribe. According to Sheikh Abdullah Humaid Alyawar, the son of the sheikh of Shammar, in Iraq the total population of Shammar is estimated to be more than 1.5 million. The Shammar Al-Sayeh, a tribal confederation of tribes from Shammar, is the branch of Shammar who were independent of Aljraba's authority. Shammar is composed of groups such as Al-Zuhairy and Al-Towej in [[Najaf]].

The Shammar became one of the most powerful Iraqi tribes, owning vast tracts of land and provided strong support of the [[Hashemite monarchy]]. Shammar power was threatened after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958 by [[Abdul-Karim Qassem]], and the Shammar welcomed [[Ba'athist]] rule. After the [[Operation Red Dawn|overthrow of Saddam Hussein]], [[Ghazi al-Yawar]], from the Al Jarbah clan, was unanimously chosen as interim president. Ghazi Al-Yawar's uncle is the current Sheikh of Sheikhs of Shammar.