Editing Shark attack (section)

=== Unprovoked attack ===
Unprovoked attacks are initiated by the shark—they occur in a shark's natural habitat on a live human and without human provocation.<ref name="ISAF-2011Summary" /><ref name="GSAF-IL" /> There are three subcategories of unprovoked attack:
* Hit-and-run attack – usually non-fatal, the shark bites and then leaves; most victims do not see the shark. This is the most common type of attack and typically occurs in the surf zone or in murky water. Most hit-and-run attacks are believed to be the result of mistaken identity.<ref name="ISAF-HWW">{{cite web |url=http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/sharks/attacks/howwhen.htm |title=How, When, & Where Sharks Attack |last=Burgess |first=George H. |author-link=George H. Burgess |publisher=International Shark Attack File |access-date=26 June 2012}}</ref>
* Sneak attack – the victim will not usually see the shark, and may sustain multiple deep bites. This kind of attack is predatory in nature and is often carried out with the intention of consuming the victim. It is extraordinarily rare for this to occur.
* Bump-and-bite attack – the shark circles and bumps the victim before biting. Great whites are known to do this on occasion, referred to as a "test bite", in which the great white is trying to identify what is being bitten. Repeated bites, depending on the reaction of the victim (thrashing or panicking may lead the shark to believe the victim is prey), are not uncommon and can be severe or fatal. Bump-and-bite attacks are not believed to be the result of mistaken identity.<ref name="ISAF-HWW" />

An incident occurred in 2011 when a 3-meter long (~500&nbsp;kg) great white shark jumped onto a 7-person [[research vessel]] off [[Seal Island, South Africa]]. The crew were undertaking a [[animal population study|population study]] using sardines as bait and initially retreated to safety in the bow of the ship while the shark thrashed about, damaging equipment and fuel lines. To keep the shark alive while a rescue ship towed the research vessel to shore, the crew poured water over its gills and eventually used a pump for mechanical ventilation. The shark was ultimately lifted back into the water by crane and, after becoming disoriented and beaching itself in the harbor, was successfully towed out to sea. The incident was judged an accident.<ref>{{cite news | first = Xan | last = Rice | title = Great white shark jumps from sea into research boat | date = 19 July 2011 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/19/great-white-shark-jumps-boat | work = [[The Guardian]] | access-date = 20 July 2011 | quote = Marine researchers in South Africa had a narrow escape after a three-metre-long great white shark breached the surface of the sea and leaped into their boat, becoming trapped on deck for more than an hour. [...] Enrico Gennari, an expert on great white sharks, [...] said it was almost certainly an accident rather than an attack on the boat.| location=London}}</ref>