Editing Shefa-Amr (section)

===Middle Ages===
Under the [[Crusades|Crusaders]] the place was known as "Safran", "Sapharanum", "Castrum Zafetanum", "Saphar castrum" or "Cafram".<ref name="Pringle">Pringle, 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA115 p. 115]</ref> The Crusaders built a [[List of Crusader castles|fortress]], used by the [[Knights Templar]], in the village. At the foot of the castle was a fortified settlement with a church, inhabited either by local Christians or Crusaders.<ref>Ellenblum, 2003, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA143 143]</ref> The village, then called "Shafar 'Am", was used by Muslim leader [[Saladin]] between 1190–91 and 1193-94 as a military base for attacks on [[Acre, Israel#Crusader and Ayyubid period|Acre]].<ref>[[Abu Shama]] [[Recueil des Historiens des Croisades|RHC]] (or.), IV, [https://archive.org/stream/recueildeshistor04acad_0#page/487/mode/1up p. 487]. [[Yaqut al-Hamawi|Yaqut]], p. 304, Both cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 277]</ref>

By 1229, the place was back in Crusader hands; this was confirmed by Sultan [[Baybars]] in the peace treaty of 1271, and by Sultan [[Qalawun]] in 1283.<ref>Barag, 1979, p. 207, No. 63.</ref> Italian monk [[Riccoldo da Monte di Croce]] visited the village in 1287–88, and noted that it had Christian inhabitants.<ref>Ellenblum, 2003, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA144 144]</ref> It apparently was under [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] control by 1291,<ref>[[Ibn al-Furat]], Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 277]</ref><ref name=Pringle1998>Pringle, 1998, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&pg=PA301 301]-4</ref> as it was mentioned in that year when sultan [[al-Ashraf Khalil]] allocated the town's income to a [[Waqf|charitable organization]] in [[Cairo]].<ref>Barag, 1979, p. 203</ref>