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Shining Path
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==== Paramilitary wing ==== {{Infobox militant organization | name = People's Guerilla Army | native_name = Ejército Guerrillero Popular | native_name_lang = es | image = Flag of Sendero Luminoso and the People's Guerrilla Army.svg | caption = | active = {{nobr|3 December 1982 – 9 June 2018}} | ideology = | leaders = | clans = | headquarters = | area = Peru | size = 350 (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2015/08/18/shining-path-is-back/|title=Shining Path is Back|date=18 August 2015|access-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926061045/http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2015/08/18/shining-path-is-back/|archive-date=26 September 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref> | partof = | predecessor = | successor = [[Militarized Communist Party of Peru|Revolutionary Armed Forces of Peru]] (splinter group) | allies = '''State allies:''' * {{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|name=Libya}} (until 2011)<ref>{{cite news |title=Gaddafi: a vicious, sinister despot driven out on tidal wave of hatred|work=The Guardian|date=August 23, 2011|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/23/libya-gaddafi-vicious-despot}}</ref> '''Non-state allies:''' * [[Revolutionary Internationalist Movement|RIM]] (until 2012) | split = | opponents = {{flag|Peru|name=Government of Peru}} | battles = [[Internal conflict in Peru]] | status = | designated_as_terror_group_by = * {{flag|Canada}} * {{flag|European Union}} * {{flag|Japan}} * {{flag|Peru}} * {{flag|United Kingdom}} * {{flag|United States}} }} The '''People's Guerrilla Army''' ({{lang|es|Ejército Guerrillero Popular}}, '''EGP''') was officially created on 3 December 1982 for the purposes of combat, mobilisation and producing an income for the group.<ref name=":7" /> After 1992, it continued to operate under ''Sendero Rojo'', the group's armed successor until 1999, and later under the Huallaga faction that existed from 2004 to 2012. Since 2001, it has been operated by the Mantaro faction under the name of '''People's Liberation Army''' ({{lang|es|Ejército Popular de Liberación}}, '''EPL'''). The EGP's structure is as follows: * Main Force ({{lang|es|Fuerza Principal}}; FP): Mainly armed with larger weapons, such as the [[AKM]] and [[FN FAL]] rifles as well as the [[Heckler & Koch HK21]] machine gun. Due to proficiency in armaments, this group is tasked with ambushing police and soldiers. They do not remain in locations, usually traveling across regions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Inicio, Desarrollo y Ocaso del Terrorismo en el Perú: el ABC de Sendero Luminoso y el MRTA ampliado y comentado|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=66XoAAAAIAAJ|last=Jiménez Bacca|first=Benedicto|publisher=Impr. Sanki|page=110|year=2000|access-date=7 December 2017}}</ref> * Local Force ({{lang|es|Fuerza Local}}; FL): These members are local agricultural workers who are provided minor weapons and periodically assist FP members, then later return to their work. Skilled FL members are moved into the FP's ranks. * Base Force ({{lang|es|Fuerza de Base}}; FB): Some of the peasants of territories captured by the Shining Path are grouped into the FB, typically serving as reservists armed with handheld weapons such as knives, spears and machetes. FB members occasionally serve in surveillance tasks.'''<ref name=":2">{{cite book |title=Breve historia de Sendero Luminoso|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=scg6swEACAAJ|last1=Ríos|first1=Jerónimo|last2=Sánchez|first2=Marté|publisher=Catarata|language=es|date=December 2017|access-date=28 November 2018|isbn=9788490973950}}</ref>''' In 2009, then president [[Alan García]] accused the group of using [[Children in the military|child soldiers]] to execute wounded army personnel.<ref>[http://www.larepublica.pe/politica/30/05/2009/peru-denunciara-sendero-luminoso-ante-la-onu-y-la-oea-por-utilizar-ninos Perú denunciará a Sendero Luminoso ante la ONU y la OEA por utilizar niños] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627142735/http://www.larepublica.pe/politica/30/05/2009/peru-denunciara-sendero-luminoso-ante-la-onu-y-la-oea-por-utilizar-ninos |date=27 June 2009 }}. 30 May 2009. La República. Accessed 13 October 2009.</ref> The following year, the ''[[Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos]]'' presented a report to the [[Inter-American Commission on Human Rights]] (CIDH) detailing this practice by both the group and the [[Peruvian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=NIÑOS usados como SOLDADOS en el Perú |publisher=[[Coordinadora Nacional de Derechos Humanos]] |year=2010 |language=es |url=https://lum.cultura.pe/cdi/sites/default/files/documento/pdf/Ni%C3%B1os%20usados%20como%20soldados%20en%20el%20Per%C3%BA%20-%20siglo%20XXI.pdf}}</ref> Under the leadership of [[Comrade José|Víctor Quispe Palomino]], it was reorganised as the '''Popular Revolutionary Army''' ({{langx|es|Ejército Popular Revolucionario}}; '''ERP''') until the MPCP's formal establishment and distancing from Guzmán's original Shining Path in June 2018, after which it has claimed the name of '''Revolutionary Armed Forces of Peru''' ({{langx|es|Fuerzas armadas revolucionarias del Perú}}).<ref name=Villasante>{{Cite magazine |title=La guerra en el VRAEM: los problemas del Estado para restablecer la paz y los vacíos legales aplazados |magazine=[[:es:Instituto de Defensa Legal|Ideele]] |last=Villasante |first=Mariella |url=https://revistaideele.com/ideele/content/la-guerra-en-el-vraem-los-problemas-del-estado-para-restablecer-la-paz-y-los-vac%C3%ADos-legales |issue=284}}</ref> In 2020, it was reported to have made money from selling cigarettes, clothes, candy, raffles and other methods.<ref name=":7" />
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