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Shiso
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== Description == Shiso grows to {{convert|40|-|100|cm}} tall.<ref name="nitta&lee&ohnishi">{{harvp|Nitta|Lee|Ohnishi|2003}}, pp. 245-</ref> It has broad ovate leaves with pointy ends and [[serrate]]d margins, arranged [[Phyllotaxis|oppositely]] with long [[Petiole (botany)|leafstalks]]. Shiso seeds are about 1 mm in size, and are smaller and harder compared to other perilla varieties.<ref>{{harvp|Heibonsha|1969}} Encycl. states egoma seeds are about 1.2 mm, slightly larger than shiso seeds. However, egoma seeds being grown currently can be much larger.</ref><ref>{{harvp|Oikawa|Toyama|2008|p=5}}, ''egoma'', sometimes classed ''P. frutescens'' var. ''Japonica'', exhibited sizes of sieve caliber between 1.4 mm ~ 2.0 mm for black seeds and sieve caliber between 1.6 mm ~ 2.0 mm for white seeds.</ref> Seeds weigh about 1.5 g per 1000 seeds.<ref>This is based on 650 seeds/gram reported by a purveyor [http://www.nickys-nursery.co.uk/seeds/pages/altsal1.htm Nicky's seeds]; this is in ballpark with {{cite web|title=The ABCs of Seed Importation into Canada|publisher=Canadian Food Inspection Agency |url=http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/seesem/abce.shtml |access-date=2012-03-31}} also quotes 635 per gram, though it is made unclear which variety</ref> The plants are not frost hardy. In [[Hardiness zone|USDA zones]] 11 and above, they grow as perennials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bonnieplants.com/planting-guides/shiso-zone-planting-guide/|title = Shiso}}</ref> === Varieties === Several [[Form (botany)|forms]] of shiso exist.<ref>[http://bean.bio.chiba-u.jp/bgplants/ylist_srch_easy.php?any_field=&family=&species=Perilla+frutescens&capital=0&family_order=0&family_disp_type=1&spec_order=0&list_type=0&search=%E6%A4%9C%E7%B4%A BG Plants 和名−学名インデックス(YList)]</ref> They are defined by the color and [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] of the leaves, though coloring is also found on the stalk and flower buds. Redness in shiso is caused by shisonin, an [[anthocyanin]] pigment found in perilla.<ref>{{harvp|Yu|Kosuna|Haga|1997|p=151}}: "Kondo (1931) and Kuroda and Wada (1935) isolated an anthocyanin pigment from purple Perilla leaves and gave it the name shisonin".</ref> Ruffled red shiso was the first form examined by Western botanists, and [[Carl Peter Thunberg]] named it ''P. crispa'' (meaning "wavy" or "curly"). That Latin name ''crispa'' was later retained when shiso was reclassified as a cultigen. ; Red shiso ([[Form (botany)|f.]] ''purpurea''): Leaves red on both sides, flat surface. Often called simply "shiso". ; Ruffled red shiso (f. ''crispa''): Leaves red on both sides, ruffled surface. ; Green shiso (f. ''viridis''): Leaves green on both sides, flat surface. ; Ruffled green shiso (f. ''viridi-crispa''): Leaves green on both sides, ruffled surface. Cultivar. ; Bicolor shiso (f. ''discolor''): Leaves green on top side, red on back side, flat surface. Cultivar. ; Variegated shiso (f. ''rosea''): Leaves a mix of green and red on both sides, flat surface. <gallery widths="240" heights="200"> Purple Perilla foliage.JPG|Red shiso growing in the wild Red Shiso field 2.jpg|Red shiso field in [[Fukui City]], [[Japan]] Saint-Girons - Avenue du Maréchal Foch - 20150904 (1).jpg|Red shiso in [[Saint-Girons, Ariège|Saint-Girons]], [[France]] Red Shiso - Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. purpurea.jpg|Red Shiso, used to color ''[[Umeboshi]]'' red, in [[Kaga, Ishikawa]] [[Japan]] Perilla_Beijing.jpg|Green shiso in [[Beijing]], [[China]] Beefsteak plant (21228989453).jpg|Green shiso flower Beefsteak plant (21823908946).jpg|Green shiso flower Shiso detail.jpg|Green shiso as a potted plant Gardenology.org-IMG 2985 rbgs11jan.jpg|Bicolor shiso in the [[Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney|Royal Botanic Garden]], [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] Beefsteak Plant, pod, upper marlboro, md 2015-04-10-20.34.04 ZS PMax (17105989152) (2).jpg|Shiso seed pods </gallery>
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