Editing Short-circuit evaluation (section)

==Support in common programming and scripting languages==

The following table is restricted to common programming languages and the basic boolean operators for [[logical conjunction]] <code>AND</code> and [[logical disjunction]] <code>OR</code>. In some languages, the [[bitwise operation|bitwise operators]] can be used as eager boolean operators. For other languages, bitwise operators are not included in the list, because they do not take boolean values or have a result type different from the respective short-circuit operators.

Note that there are more short-circuit operators, for example the [[ternary conditional operator]], which is <code>cond '''?''' e1 ''':''' e2</code> ([[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[PHP]]), <code>'''if''' cond '''then''' e1 '''else''' e2</code> ([[ALGOL]], [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]], [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]), <code>e1 '''if''' cond '''else''' e2</code> ([[Python (programming language)|Python]]). Please take a look at [[ternary conditional operator#Usage]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Boolean operators in common languages
! Language !! [[Eager evaluation|Eager]] operators !! Short-circuit operators !! Result type
|-
| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]]
| <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>
| <code>and then</code>, <code>or else</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[ALGOL 68]]
| and, &, ∧ ; or, ∨
| {{depends|andf , orf ''(both user defined)''}}
| Boolean
|-
| [[APL (programming language)|APL]]
| <code>∧</code>, <code>∨</code>
| <code>:AndIf</code>, <code>:OrIf</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[awk]]
| ''none''
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[C (programming language)|C]], [[Objective-C]]
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>{{efn |name=bitwise_c |1=The bitwise operators behave like boolean operators when both arguments are of type <code>bool</code> or take only the values <code>0</code> or <code>1</code>.<ref>[http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf ISO/IEC 9899 standard, sections 6.2.5, 6.3.1.2, 6.5 and 7.16.]</ref>}}
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code><ref>[http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n1256.pdf ISO/IEC 9899 standard, section 6.5.13]</ref>
| int
|-
| [[C++]]{{efn |name=cpp |1=When [[operator overloading|overloaded]], the operators <code>&&</code> and <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code> are eager and can return any type.}}
| ''none''
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code><ref>[http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2010/n3092.pdf ISO/IEC IS 14882 draft.]</ref>
| Boolean
|-
| [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[D (programming language)|D]]{{efn |name=d |1=This only applies to runtime-evaluated expressions, <code>static if</code> and <code>static assert</code>. Expressions in static initializers or manifest constants use eager evaluation.}}
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]]
| <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>
| <code>and then</code>, <code>or else</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]]
| <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>
| <code>andalso</code>, <code>orelse</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Fortran]]{{efn |name=fortran |1=Fortran operators are neither short-circuit nor eager: the language specification allows the [[compiler]] to select the method for optimization.}}
| <code>.and.</code>, <code>.or.</code>
| <code>.and.</code>, <code>.or.</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]], [[OCaml]]{{efn |name=bitwise_without_bool |1=In lua and OCaml, bitwise operators <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code> (OCaml <code>land</code>, <code>lor</code>) are restricted to integers and cannot be used with Booleans.}}
| ''none''
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[R (programming language)|R]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]]
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[JavaScript]]
| ''none''
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Last value
|-
| [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]]
| ''none''
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Last value
|-
| [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]]
| <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Lisp (programming language)|Lisp]], [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]{{efn |name=bitwise_without_bool}}, [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]]
| ''none''
| <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>
| Last value
|-
| [[MATLAB]]{{efn |name=matlab |1=The operator <code>&</code> behaves like a short-circuit operator when used in a statement following <code>if</code> or <code>while</code>.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |title=and, & |url=https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/double.and.html |website=MathWorks Help Center |access-date=2025-02-02}}</ref>}}
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>, <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[MUMPS]] (M)
| <code>&</code>, <code>!</code>
| ''none''
| Numeric
|-
| [[Modula-2]]
| ''none''
| <code>AND</code>, <code>OR</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]]
| <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>{{efn |name=pascal-1 |1=[[Pascal (programming language)#ISO/IEC 10206:1990 Extended Pascal|ISO/IEC 10206:1990 Extended Pascal]] allows, but does not require, short-circuiting.}}{{efn |name=delphi |1=[[Delphi (software)|Delphi]] and [[Free Pascal]] default to short circuit evaluation. This may be changed by [[compiler]] options but does not seem to be used widely.}}
| <code>and_then</code>, <code>or_else</code><!--{{refn |group=lower-alpha |name=pascal-2 |1=ISO/IEC 10206:1990 Extended Pascal supports <code>and_then</code> and <code>or_else</code>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gnu-pascal.de/gpc/and_005fthen.html#and_005fthen#GNU |title=and_then - The GNU Pascal Manual |publisher=Gnu-pascal.de |access-date=2013-08-24}}</ref>}}-->{{efn |name=delphi}}
| Boolean
|-
| [[Perl]]
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>&&</code>, <code>and</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>, <code>or</code>
| Last value
|-
| [[PHP]]
| ''none''
| <code>&&</code>, <code>and</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>, <code>or</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[POSIX shell]], [[Bash (Unix shell)|Bash]]
| ''none''
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>
| Numeric (exit code)
|-
| [[PowerShell]] Scripting Language
| ''none''
| <code>-and</code>, <code>-or</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Python (programming language)|Python]]
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>and</code>, <code>or</code>
| Last value
|-
| [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>&&</code>, <code>and</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>, <code>or</code><ref>{{Cite web |title=operators - Documentation for Ruby 3.3 |url=https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/3.3/syntax/operators_rdoc.html#label-Logical+Operators |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=docs.ruby-lang.org}}</ref>
| Last value
|-
| [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]]
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>&&</code>, <code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/ops/index.html|title=std::ops - Rust|website=doc.rust-lang.org|access-date=2019-02-12}}</ref>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Smalltalk]]
| <code>&</code>, <code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>
| <code>and:</code>, <code>or:</code>{{efn |name=smalltalk |1=Smalltalk uses short-circuit semantics as long as the argument to <code>and:</code> is a block (e.g., {{code|false and: [Transcript show: 'Wont see me']|smalltalk}}).}}
| Boolean
|-
| [[Standard ML]]
| {{Unknown}}
| <code>andalso</code>, <code>orelse</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Visual Basic .NET]]
| <code>And</code>, <code>Or</code>
| <code>AndAlso</code>, <code>OrElse</code>
| Boolean
|-
| [[Visual Basic]], [[Visual Basic for Applications]] (VBA)
| <code>And</code>, <code>Or</code>
| ''none''
| Numeric
|}
{{notelist}}