Editing Show jumping (section)

== Scoring ==

=== Historic scoring ===

[[Image:Reco vet x-1-.jpg|right|thumb|Riders walking a course]]
The original list of faults introduced in Great Britain in 1925 were as follows:
* [[Refusal (horse)|Refusing]] or [[Refusal (horse)|running out]] at any fence:
:1st: 4 faults
:2nd: another 4 faults added on
:3rd: elimination (ELM)
:(At first, stadium jumps were set as a single rail that sometimes would be up to five feet high. Some horses began to duck under these jumps instead, which perhaps is the origin of the term "ducking out" at a fence.)
* Fall of the horse, the rider, or both: elimination
* Touches: If a horse touched a fence without knocking it down, zero faults
* Rail down with front hooves: 4 faults
* Rail down with back hooves: 4 faults
* Foot in the water jump: If a horse lands with any number of feet in the water: 4 faults. No faults were incurred, however, if the raised block in front of the water was knocked down.
* Failure to break the timers starting or finishing would result in elimination.
Water jumps were once at least 15 feet (5 m) wide, although the water often had drained out of them by the time the last competitor jumped. High jumping would start with a pole at around five feet high, but this was later abandoned since many horses went under the pole. It was for this reason that more poles were added and fillers came into use. Time penalties were not counted until 1917.

=== Modern scoring ===
[[Image:Zrzutka.gif|thumb|This knockdown will incur four penalties or "faults".]]

Rules have evolved since then, with different national federations having different classes and rules.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usef.org/|title=US Equestrian}}</ref> The international governing body for most major show jumping competitions is the [[International Federation for Equestrian Sports|Fédération Équestre Internationale]] (FEI).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fei.org/|title=FEI.org|website=FEI.org}}</ref> The two most common types of penalties are jumping penalties and time penalties.
* Jumping Penalties: Jumping penalties are assessed for [[Refusal (horse)|refusals]] and knockdowns, with each refusal or knockdown adding four faults to a competitor's score.
* Penalties for knockdowns are imposed only when the knockdown changes the height or width of the jump. If a horse or rider knocks down a bottom or middle rail while still clearing the height of the obstacle, providing the rails are directly underneath the top rail, they receive no penalties. Penalties are assessed at the open water when any of the horse's feet touch the water or white tape marking its boundary. If the water fence is a 'Liverpool' no faults will be accumulated for landing in the water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inside.fei.org/fei/disc/jumping/rules|title=FEI Jumping Rules|date=27 November 2012}}</ref> A Liverpool is when a small pool (although it does not have to be filled with water) is placed under an oxer or a vertical. 
* Refusals: Refusals now are penalized four faults, up from three. Within the last several years, the FEI has decreased the number of refusals resulting in elimination from three to two, and this rule has trickled down from the top levels of FEI competition to other levels of horse shows in the US, however in such places as Australia, lower levels (below 1.15m usually) may still have the 3 refusals and elimination rule.
* A refusal that results in the destruction of the integrity of a jump (running into the fence instead of jumping it, displacing poles, gates, flowers, or large clumps of turf or dirt) will not receive four faults for the knockdown, but instead the four faults for a refusal. A refusal inside a [[combination (jump)|combination]] (a series of two or more fences with one or two strides between each element) must re-jump the entire combination.
* Time Penalties: In the past, a common timing rule was a 1/4 second penalty for each second or fraction of a second over the time allowed. Since the early 2000s, this rule was changed by the FEI so that each second or fraction of a second over the time allowed would result in 1 time penalty (e.g. with a time allowed of 72 seconds, a time of 73.09 seconds would result in 2 time faults).
* [[combination (jump)|Combinations]]: A refusal at any of the jumps in combination results in the horse having to repeat the entire set of obstacles in the designated order of succession, not just the element refused. So a horse may jump "A" and "B" without issue but have a refusal at the third fence (C), at which time the rider would have to circle and return to jump fence "A" again, giving the horse a second chance to refuse or knock down "A" and "B". Despite being considered one obstacle, each element may result in penalty points if knocked down. Therefore, if each of the three fences in a triple combination were knocked down, the rider would receive 12 faults (4 per fence, instead of 4 faults for the entire obstacle). "In and out" is the informal name designated to combinations with only two elements such as "A" and "B", and not specific enough for a three-jump combination.<!--"in and out" is the informal name designated to combinations with only two elements such as "A" and "B", and not specific enough for a three-jump combination-->

{{Anchor|Table C}}
=== Table C, speed scoring ===

The above type of scoring is called "Table A" scoring. Table C is a method of scoring based only on speed. The penalties for each knockdown is to add 4 seconds to the rider's time. The fastest score wins.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.equestrian.org.au/Jumping |title=Jumping |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=[[Equestrian Australia]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inside.fei.org/sites/default/files/Jumping_Rules_2023_clean_BoardResolutionJan.pdf |title=FEI Jumping Rules 2023 |page=27 |website=FEI |access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref>