Editing Sikkim (section)

=== During the British Raj ===
[[File:Historical Map of Sikkim in northeastern India.jpg|thumb|310px|An 1876 map of Sikkim, depicting Chomto Dong Lake in northern Sikkim.<ref>{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=w6k9pto4BGMC&pg=PR32 | title = ''Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Tibet and of the Journey of Thomas Manning to Lhasa'' | year=1876| author = Sir Clements Robert Markham | publisher = Asian Educational Services | access-date =12 June 2013 | isbn = 978-81-206-1366-9 }}</ref> However, the whole of Chumbi and Darjeeling are not depicted as part of Sikkim in the map.]]

Following the beginning of [[British Raj|British rule]] in neighbouring India, Sikkim allied with Britain against their common adversary, [[Nepal]]. The Nepalese attacked Sikkim, overrunning most of the region including the [[Terai]]. This prompted the [[British East India Company]] to attack Nepal, resulting in the [[Gurkha War]] of 1814.<ref>{{Cite book | title = History of Sikkim, 1817–1904: Analysis of British Policy and Activities | last = Jha | first = Pranab Kumar | year = 1985 | publisher = O.P.S. Publishers | page = 11 | asin = B001OQE7EY }}</ref> Treaties signed between Sikkim and Nepal resulted in the return of the territory annexed by the Nepalese in 1817. However, ties between Sikkim and the British weakened when the latter began taxation of the [[Morang]] region. In 1849, two British [[physician]]s, Sir [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]] and [[Archibald Campbell (doctor)|Archibald Campbell]], the latter being the superintendent of Darjeeling, ventured into the mountains of Sikkim with the prior permission of King Tsugphu Namgyal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=May 1890 | title = Sikkim and Tibet | journal = Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine | volume = 147 | page = 658 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahul |first=Ram |date=1 January 1976 |title=Sikkim of History |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/002088177601500102 |journal=International Studies |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=15–28 |doi=10.1177/002088177601500102 |issn=0020-8817|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The doctors were detained by an influential Dewan,<ref name=":0" /> leading to a punitive British expedition against the kingdom, after which the [[Darjeeling]] district and Morang were annexed to British India in 1853. The Chogyal of Sikkim became a [[vassal state|titular ruler]] under the directive of the British governor as a result of the invasion.<ref name="Hist">{{Cite web | url = http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/sikk_his.htm | title = History of Sikkim | access-date = 12 October 2006 | date = 29 August 2002 | publisher = Government of Sikkim | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061030023958/http://www.himalmag.com/2006/august/special_report_1.htm | archive-date = 30 October 2006 | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

Sikkim became a British [[protectorate]] in the later decades of the 19th century, formalised by a [[Convention of Calcutta|convention]] signed with China in 1890.<ref>{{citation |last=Rose |first=Leo E. |title=India and Sikkim: Redefining the Relationship |journal=Pacific Affairs |volume=42 |pages=32–46 |number=1 |date=Spring 1969 |jstor=2754861 |doi=10.2307/2754861}}</ref>{{sfn|Rose, Modernizing a Traditional Administrative System|1978|p=205}}<ref name ="Sethi">{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/did-india-have-a-right-to-annex-sikkim-in-1975/1/435037.html |title=Treaties: Annexation of Sikkim |last1=Sethi |first1=Sunil |date=30 April 1978 |website=intoday.in |publisher=Living Media India Limited |access-date=21 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128172513/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/did-india-have-a-right-to-annex-sikkim-in-1975/1/435037.html |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sikkim was gradually granted more sovereignty over the next three decades,<ref>{{cite book |last=Bell |first=Charles |title=Tibet: Past and Present |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1992 |pages=170–174 |isbn=978-81-208-1048-8}}</ref> and became a member of the [[Chamber of Princes]], the assembly representing the rulers of the Indian [[princely states]], in 1922.<ref name ="Sethi"/>