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Software cracking
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==Software piracy== Software cracking led to the distribution of pirated software around the world (software piracy). It was estimated that the United States lost US$2.3 billion in business application software in 1996. Software piracy rates were especially prevalent in African, Asian, Eastern European, and Latin American countries. In certain countries such as Indonesia, Pakistan, Kuwait, China, and El Salvador,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gopal |first1=Ram D. |last2=Sanders |first2=G. Lawrence |date=September 2000 |title=Global software piracy: you can't get blood out of a turnip |journal=Communications of the ACM |language=en |volume=43 |issue=9 |pages=82β89 |doi=10.1145/348941.349002 |s2cid=6706490 |issn=0001-0782|doi-access=free }}</ref> 90% of the software used was pirated.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gopal |first1=Ram D. |last2=Sanders |first2=G. Lawrence |date=1998 |title=International Software Piracy: Analysis of Key Issues and Impacts |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23011033 |journal=Information Systems Research |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=380β397 |doi=10.1287/isre.9.4.380 |jstor=23011033 |issn=1047-7047|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
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